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Pronounced Suppression and X‐Pattern Merging of Equatorial Ionization Anomalies After the 2022 Tonga Volcano Eruption

Following the 2022 Tonga Volcano eruption, dramatic suppression and deformation of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests occurred in the American sector ∼14,000 km away from the epicenter. The EIA crests variations and associated ionosphere‐thermosphere disturbances were investigated using...

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Autores principales: Aa, Ercha, Zhang, Shun‐Rong, Wang, Wenbin, Erickson, Philip J., Qian, Liying, Eastes, Richard, Harding, Brian J., Immel, Thomas J., Karan, Deepak K., Daniell, Robert E., Coster, Anthea J., Goncharenko, Larisa P., Vierinen, Juha, Cai, Xuguang, Spicher, Andres
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9287055/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35864906
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030527
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author Aa, Ercha
Zhang, Shun‐Rong
Wang, Wenbin
Erickson, Philip J.
Qian, Liying
Eastes, Richard
Harding, Brian J.
Immel, Thomas J.
Karan, Deepak K.
Daniell, Robert E.
Coster, Anthea J.
Goncharenko, Larisa P.
Vierinen, Juha
Cai, Xuguang
Spicher, Andres
author_facet Aa, Ercha
Zhang, Shun‐Rong
Wang, Wenbin
Erickson, Philip J.
Qian, Liying
Eastes, Richard
Harding, Brian J.
Immel, Thomas J.
Karan, Deepak K.
Daniell, Robert E.
Coster, Anthea J.
Goncharenko, Larisa P.
Vierinen, Juha
Cai, Xuguang
Spicher, Andres
author_sort Aa, Ercha
collection PubMed
description Following the 2022 Tonga Volcano eruption, dramatic suppression and deformation of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests occurred in the American sector ∼14,000 km away from the epicenter. The EIA crests variations and associated ionosphere‐thermosphere disturbances were investigated using Global Navigation Satellite System total electron content data, Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk ultraviolet images, Ionospheric Connection Explorer wind data, and ionosonde observations. The main results are as follows: (a) Following the eastward passage of expected eruption‐induced atmospheric disturbances, daytime EIA crests, especially the southern one, showed severe suppression of more than 10 TEC Unit and collapsed equatorward over 10° latitudes, forming a single band of enhanced density near the geomagnetic equator around 14–17 UT, (b) Evening EIA crests experienced a drastic deformation around 22 UT, forming a unique X‐pattern in a limited longitudinal area between 20 and 40°W. (c) Thermospheric horizontal winds, especially the zonal winds, showed long‐lasting quasi‐periodic fluctuations between ±200 m/s for 7–8 hr after the passage of volcano‐induced Lamb waves. The EIA suppression and X‐pattern merging was consistent with a westward equatorial zonal dynamo electric field induced by the strong zonal wind oscillation with a westward reversal.
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spelling pubmed-92870552022-07-19 Pronounced Suppression and X‐Pattern Merging of Equatorial Ionization Anomalies After the 2022 Tonga Volcano Eruption Aa, Ercha Zhang, Shun‐Rong Wang, Wenbin Erickson, Philip J. Qian, Liying Eastes, Richard Harding, Brian J. Immel, Thomas J. Karan, Deepak K. Daniell, Robert E. Coster, Anthea J. Goncharenko, Larisa P. Vierinen, Juha Cai, Xuguang Spicher, Andres J Geophys Res Space Phys Research Article Following the 2022 Tonga Volcano eruption, dramatic suppression and deformation of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) crests occurred in the American sector ∼14,000 km away from the epicenter. The EIA crests variations and associated ionosphere‐thermosphere disturbances were investigated using Global Navigation Satellite System total electron content data, Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk ultraviolet images, Ionospheric Connection Explorer wind data, and ionosonde observations. The main results are as follows: (a) Following the eastward passage of expected eruption‐induced atmospheric disturbances, daytime EIA crests, especially the southern one, showed severe suppression of more than 10 TEC Unit and collapsed equatorward over 10° latitudes, forming a single band of enhanced density near the geomagnetic equator around 14–17 UT, (b) Evening EIA crests experienced a drastic deformation around 22 UT, forming a unique X‐pattern in a limited longitudinal area between 20 and 40°W. (c) Thermospheric horizontal winds, especially the zonal winds, showed long‐lasting quasi‐periodic fluctuations between ±200 m/s for 7–8 hr after the passage of volcano‐induced Lamb waves. The EIA suppression and X‐pattern merging was consistent with a westward equatorial zonal dynamo electric field induced by the strong zonal wind oscillation with a westward reversal. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-06-03 2022-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9287055/ /pubmed/35864906 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030527 Text en © 2022 The Authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
spellingShingle Research Article
Aa, Ercha
Zhang, Shun‐Rong
Wang, Wenbin
Erickson, Philip J.
Qian, Liying
Eastes, Richard
Harding, Brian J.
Immel, Thomas J.
Karan, Deepak K.
Daniell, Robert E.
Coster, Anthea J.
Goncharenko, Larisa P.
Vierinen, Juha
Cai, Xuguang
Spicher, Andres
Pronounced Suppression and X‐Pattern Merging of Equatorial Ionization Anomalies After the 2022 Tonga Volcano Eruption
title Pronounced Suppression and X‐Pattern Merging of Equatorial Ionization Anomalies After the 2022 Tonga Volcano Eruption
title_full Pronounced Suppression and X‐Pattern Merging of Equatorial Ionization Anomalies After the 2022 Tonga Volcano Eruption
title_fullStr Pronounced Suppression and X‐Pattern Merging of Equatorial Ionization Anomalies After the 2022 Tonga Volcano Eruption
title_full_unstemmed Pronounced Suppression and X‐Pattern Merging of Equatorial Ionization Anomalies After the 2022 Tonga Volcano Eruption
title_short Pronounced Suppression and X‐Pattern Merging of Equatorial Ionization Anomalies After the 2022 Tonga Volcano Eruption
title_sort pronounced suppression and x‐pattern merging of equatorial ionization anomalies after the 2022 tonga volcano eruption
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9287055/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35864906
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030527
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