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Changing Hydrographic, Biogeochemical, and Acidification Properties in the Gulf of Maine as Measured by the Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series, GNATS, Between 1998 and 2018
The Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series (GNATS) has been run since 1998, across the Gulf of Maine (GoM), between Maine and Nova Scotia. GNATS goals are to provide ocean color satellite validation and to examine change in this coastal ecosystem. We have sampled hydrographical, biological, chemic...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9287075/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35865236 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022JG006790 |
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author | Balch, William M. Drapeau, David T. Bowler, Bruce C. Record, Nicholas R. Bates, Nicholas R. Pinkham, Sunny Garley, Rebecca Mitchell, Catherine |
author_facet | Balch, William M. Drapeau, David T. Bowler, Bruce C. Record, Nicholas R. Bates, Nicholas R. Pinkham, Sunny Garley, Rebecca Mitchell, Catherine |
author_sort | Balch, William M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series (GNATS) has been run since 1998, across the Gulf of Maine (GoM), between Maine and Nova Scotia. GNATS goals are to provide ocean color satellite validation and to examine change in this coastal ecosystem. We have sampled hydrographical, biological, chemical, biogeochemical, and bio‐optical variables. After 2008, warm water intrusions (likely North Atlantic Slope Water [NASW]) were observed in the eastern GoM at 50–180 m depths. Shallow waters (<50 m) significantly warmed in winter, summer, and fall but cooled during spring. Surface salinity and density of the GoM also significantly increased over the 20 years. Phytoplankton standing stock and primary production showed highly‐significant decreases during the period. Concentrations of phosphate increased, silicate decreased, residual nitrate [N*; nitrate‐silicate] increased, and the ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen:phosphate decreased, suggesting increasing nitrogen limitation. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and its optical indices generally increased over two decades, suggesting changes to the DOC cycle. Surface seawater carbonate chemistry showed winter periods where the aragonite saturation (Ω(ar)) dropped below 1.6 gulf‐wide due to upward winter mixing of cool, corrosive water. However, associated with increased average GoM temperatures, Ω(ar) has significantly increased. These results reinforce the hypothesis that the observed decrease in surface GoM primary production resulted from a switch from Labrador Sea Water to NASW entering the GoM. A multifactor analysis shows that decreasing GoM primary production is most significantly correlated to decreases in chlorophyll and particulate organic carbon plus increases in N* and temperature. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9287075 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92870752022-07-19 Changing Hydrographic, Biogeochemical, and Acidification Properties in the Gulf of Maine as Measured by the Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series, GNATS, Between 1998 and 2018 Balch, William M. Drapeau, David T. Bowler, Bruce C. Record, Nicholas R. Bates, Nicholas R. Pinkham, Sunny Garley, Rebecca Mitchell, Catherine J Geophys Res Biogeosci Data Article The Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series (GNATS) has been run since 1998, across the Gulf of Maine (GoM), between Maine and Nova Scotia. GNATS goals are to provide ocean color satellite validation and to examine change in this coastal ecosystem. We have sampled hydrographical, biological, chemical, biogeochemical, and bio‐optical variables. After 2008, warm water intrusions (likely North Atlantic Slope Water [NASW]) were observed in the eastern GoM at 50–180 m depths. Shallow waters (<50 m) significantly warmed in winter, summer, and fall but cooled during spring. Surface salinity and density of the GoM also significantly increased over the 20 years. Phytoplankton standing stock and primary production showed highly‐significant decreases during the period. Concentrations of phosphate increased, silicate decreased, residual nitrate [N*; nitrate‐silicate] increased, and the ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen:phosphate decreased, suggesting increasing nitrogen limitation. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and its optical indices generally increased over two decades, suggesting changes to the DOC cycle. Surface seawater carbonate chemistry showed winter periods where the aragonite saturation (Ω(ar)) dropped below 1.6 gulf‐wide due to upward winter mixing of cool, corrosive water. However, associated with increased average GoM temperatures, Ω(ar) has significantly increased. These results reinforce the hypothesis that the observed decrease in surface GoM primary production resulted from a switch from Labrador Sea Water to NASW entering the GoM. A multifactor analysis shows that decreasing GoM primary production is most significantly correlated to decreases in chlorophyll and particulate organic carbon plus increases in N* and temperature. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-06-07 2022-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9287075/ /pubmed/35865236 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022JG006790 Text en © 2022. The Authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | Data Article Balch, William M. Drapeau, David T. Bowler, Bruce C. Record, Nicholas R. Bates, Nicholas R. Pinkham, Sunny Garley, Rebecca Mitchell, Catherine Changing Hydrographic, Biogeochemical, and Acidification Properties in the Gulf of Maine as Measured by the Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series, GNATS, Between 1998 and 2018 |
title | Changing Hydrographic, Biogeochemical, and Acidification Properties in the Gulf of Maine as Measured by the Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series, GNATS, Between 1998 and 2018 |
title_full | Changing Hydrographic, Biogeochemical, and Acidification Properties in the Gulf of Maine as Measured by the Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series, GNATS, Between 1998 and 2018 |
title_fullStr | Changing Hydrographic, Biogeochemical, and Acidification Properties in the Gulf of Maine as Measured by the Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series, GNATS, Between 1998 and 2018 |
title_full_unstemmed | Changing Hydrographic, Biogeochemical, and Acidification Properties in the Gulf of Maine as Measured by the Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series, GNATS, Between 1998 and 2018 |
title_short | Changing Hydrographic, Biogeochemical, and Acidification Properties in the Gulf of Maine as Measured by the Gulf of Maine North Atlantic Time Series, GNATS, Between 1998 and 2018 |
title_sort | changing hydrographic, biogeochemical, and acidification properties in the gulf of maine as measured by the gulf of maine north atlantic time series, gnats, between 1998 and 2018 |
topic | Data Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9287075/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35865236 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022JG006790 |
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