Safe Distance of Virus Quantitative Analysis and Simulation of the Trajectory of Pathogen-Containing Droplets in the Air Respiratory Airways

Droplets of mucosalivary ejecta emitted by sneezing or coughing are a major carrier of numerous types of bacterial and viral diseases. This study develops a numerical model to estimate the spread distance for inhalable droplets (1–50 μm) in the air, the inhalability of the particles, and the trajectory as well as velocity of these pathogen-containing droplets in human respiratory airways. Moreover, particularly for droplets with diameters of 1 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, and 50 μm, specific comparisons between their inhalability and transmission velocities are made. Data extracted from previous experiments proceeded by other researchers discussing the visualization of sneeze ejecta and deposition features of inhaled drops were used to obtain parameters to fit the model prediction of this work. Currently, research on similar topics was mostly based on either experiments or theoretical calculations only on one specific clan of pathogen, while the novel contribution of this paper is the combination and comparison of these two distinct methodologies that can be applied to solve a general practical problem aiming to all types of viruses by considering the pathogen-containing droplets as a whole entity.