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Rho and Rab Family Small GTPases in the Regulation of Membrane Polarity in Epithelial Cells
Membrane polarity, defined as the asymmetric distribution of lipids and proteins in the plasma membrane, is a critical prerequisite for the development of multicellular tissues, such as epithelia and endothelia. Membrane polarity is regulated by polarized trafficking of membrane components to specif...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9289151/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35859901 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.948013 |
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author | Ebnet, Klaus Gerke, Volker |
author_facet | Ebnet, Klaus Gerke, Volker |
author_sort | Ebnet, Klaus |
collection | PubMed |
description | Membrane polarity, defined as the asymmetric distribution of lipids and proteins in the plasma membrane, is a critical prerequisite for the development of multicellular tissues, such as epithelia and endothelia. Membrane polarity is regulated by polarized trafficking of membrane components to specific membrane domains and requires the presence of intramembrane diffusion barriers that prevent the intermixing of asymmetrically distributed membrane components. This intramembrane diffusion barrier is localized at the tight junctions (TJs) in these cells. Both the formation of cell-cell junctions and the polarized traffic of membrane proteins and lipids are regulated by Rho and Rab family small GTPases. In this review article, we will summarize the recent developments in the regulation of apico-basal membrane polarity by polarized membrane traffic and the formation of the intramembrane diffusion barrier in epithelial cells with a particular focus on the role of Rho and Rab family small GTPases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9289151 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92891512022-07-19 Rho and Rab Family Small GTPases in the Regulation of Membrane Polarity in Epithelial Cells Ebnet, Klaus Gerke, Volker Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Membrane polarity, defined as the asymmetric distribution of lipids and proteins in the plasma membrane, is a critical prerequisite for the development of multicellular tissues, such as epithelia and endothelia. Membrane polarity is regulated by polarized trafficking of membrane components to specific membrane domains and requires the presence of intramembrane diffusion barriers that prevent the intermixing of asymmetrically distributed membrane components. This intramembrane diffusion barrier is localized at the tight junctions (TJs) in these cells. Both the formation of cell-cell junctions and the polarized traffic of membrane proteins and lipids are regulated by Rho and Rab family small GTPases. In this review article, we will summarize the recent developments in the regulation of apico-basal membrane polarity by polarized membrane traffic and the formation of the intramembrane diffusion barrier in epithelial cells with a particular focus on the role of Rho and Rab family small GTPases. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9289151/ /pubmed/35859901 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.948013 Text en Copyright © 2022 Ebnet and Gerke. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cell and Developmental Biology Ebnet, Klaus Gerke, Volker Rho and Rab Family Small GTPases in the Regulation of Membrane Polarity in Epithelial Cells |
title | Rho and Rab Family Small GTPases in the Regulation of Membrane Polarity in Epithelial Cells |
title_full | Rho and Rab Family Small GTPases in the Regulation of Membrane Polarity in Epithelial Cells |
title_fullStr | Rho and Rab Family Small GTPases in the Regulation of Membrane Polarity in Epithelial Cells |
title_full_unstemmed | Rho and Rab Family Small GTPases in the Regulation of Membrane Polarity in Epithelial Cells |
title_short | Rho and Rab Family Small GTPases in the Regulation of Membrane Polarity in Epithelial Cells |
title_sort | rho and rab family small gtpases in the regulation of membrane polarity in epithelial cells |
topic | Cell and Developmental Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9289151/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35859901 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.948013 |
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