Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding lifestyle modification among type 2 diabetes patients with cardiovascular disease at a Tertiary Hospital in Somalia

BACKGROUND: Diabetic was the eighth leading cause of death among both sexes and the fifth leading cause of death in women in 2012{WHO, 2016}. The main objective of this study is to identify the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding lifestyle modification among type 2 DM with CVD at Mogadıshu Somali Turkish Training and research hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia. METHOD: This study was hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted from type 2 Diabetic Mellitus patients with cardiovascular disease attended to Mogadishu Somali Turkish Training and Research Hospital for medical check-ups and regular medical treatments between September 2020 to August 2,0221. RESULTS: A total of 384 patients were enrolled in the study. Out of 384 participants 221(57.6%) were females, while 163(42.4%) were males. The majority of the repondents, 261 (68%) fell within the age group of 60 years and above. Most of the participants (29.4%, n = 113) had no formal education. Interestingly, more than half 228(59.4%) of participants were employed, while near one-third of the respondents (34.1%, n = 131) belonged to the low-income group (<2,000,000SH). Concerning knowledge of the patients towards LSM of diabetic; the majority of the participants 68% (n = 261) had poor knowledge regarding knowledge questions, while 32% (n = 123) had good knowledge. Regarding to the level of attitude, 71.9% of respondents had a negative attitude toward the lifestyle modification of diabetics and the remaining 28.1% (n = 108) had negative attitude. More than two-thirds of participants 61.2% (n = 235) had a poor practice, while 38.8%(n = 149) respondents had a good practice regarding lifestyle modification. Finally A significant relationship was evaluated between Knowledge and Attitude (0.007*) and between Knowledge and Practices (P = 0.000**) suggesting that most participants had good knowledge associated with good attitude and practices correspondingly. CONCLUSION: The result of this study revealed, majority of type2 DM patients with CVD had poor knowledge, negative attitude and poor practices towards LSM. So, we recommend to all stake holders (Ministry of health, Health institution, health professionals, and national and international NGO) to improve KAP of the patients towards LSM.