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SARS-CoV-2 Spike- and Nucleoprotein-Specific Antibodies Induced After Vaccination or Infection Promote Classical Complement Activation
Antibodies specific for the spike glycoprotein (S) and nucleocapsid (N) SARS-CoV-2 proteins are typically present during severe COVID-19, and induced to S after vaccination. The binding of viral antigens by antibody can initiate the classical complement pathway. Since complement could play pathologi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9289266/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35860286 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.838780 |
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author | Lamerton, Rachel E. Marcial-Juarez, Edith Faustini, Sian E. Perez-Toledo, Marisol Goodall, Margaret Jossi, Siân E. Newby, Maddy L. Chapple, Iain Dietrich, Thomas Veenith, Tonny Shields, Adrian M. Harper, Lorraine Henderson, Ian R. Rayes, Julie Wraith, David C. Watson, Steve P. Crispin, Max Drayson, Mark T. Richter, Alex G. Cunningham, Adam F. |
author_facet | Lamerton, Rachel E. Marcial-Juarez, Edith Faustini, Sian E. Perez-Toledo, Marisol Goodall, Margaret Jossi, Siân E. Newby, Maddy L. Chapple, Iain Dietrich, Thomas Veenith, Tonny Shields, Adrian M. Harper, Lorraine Henderson, Ian R. Rayes, Julie Wraith, David C. Watson, Steve P. Crispin, Max Drayson, Mark T. Richter, Alex G. Cunningham, Adam F. |
author_sort | Lamerton, Rachel E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Antibodies specific for the spike glycoprotein (S) and nucleocapsid (N) SARS-CoV-2 proteins are typically present during severe COVID-19, and induced to S after vaccination. The binding of viral antigens by antibody can initiate the classical complement pathway. Since complement could play pathological or protective roles at distinct times during SARS-CoV-2 infection we determined levels of antibody-dependent complement activation along the complement cascade. Here, we used an ELISA assay to assess complement protein binding (C1q) and the deposition of C4b, C3b, and C5b to S and N antigens in the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 from different test groups: non-infected, single and double vaccinees, non-hospitalised convalescent (NHC) COVID-19 patients and convalescent hospitalised (ITU-CONV) COVID-19 patients. C1q binding correlates strongly with antibody responses, especially IgG1 levels. However, detection of downstream complement components, C4b, C3b and C5b shows some variability associated with the subject group from whom the sera were obtained. In the ITU-CONV, detection of C3b-C5b to S was observed consistently, but this was not the case in the NHC group. This is in contrast to responses to N, where median levels of complement deposition did not differ between the NHC and ITU-CONV groups. Moreover, for S but not N, downstream complement components were only detected in sera with higher IgG1 levels. Therefore, the classical pathway is activated by antibodies to multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens, but the downstream effects of this activation may differ depending the disease status of the subject and on the specific antigen targeted. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9289266 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92892662022-07-19 SARS-CoV-2 Spike- and Nucleoprotein-Specific Antibodies Induced After Vaccination or Infection Promote Classical Complement Activation Lamerton, Rachel E. Marcial-Juarez, Edith Faustini, Sian E. Perez-Toledo, Marisol Goodall, Margaret Jossi, Siân E. Newby, Maddy L. Chapple, Iain Dietrich, Thomas Veenith, Tonny Shields, Adrian M. Harper, Lorraine Henderson, Ian R. Rayes, Julie Wraith, David C. Watson, Steve P. Crispin, Max Drayson, Mark T. Richter, Alex G. Cunningham, Adam F. Front Immunol Immunology Antibodies specific for the spike glycoprotein (S) and nucleocapsid (N) SARS-CoV-2 proteins are typically present during severe COVID-19, and induced to S after vaccination. The binding of viral antigens by antibody can initiate the classical complement pathway. Since complement could play pathological or protective roles at distinct times during SARS-CoV-2 infection we determined levels of antibody-dependent complement activation along the complement cascade. Here, we used an ELISA assay to assess complement protein binding (C1q) and the deposition of C4b, C3b, and C5b to S and N antigens in the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 from different test groups: non-infected, single and double vaccinees, non-hospitalised convalescent (NHC) COVID-19 patients and convalescent hospitalised (ITU-CONV) COVID-19 patients. C1q binding correlates strongly with antibody responses, especially IgG1 levels. However, detection of downstream complement components, C4b, C3b and C5b shows some variability associated with the subject group from whom the sera were obtained. In the ITU-CONV, detection of C3b-C5b to S was observed consistently, but this was not the case in the NHC group. This is in contrast to responses to N, where median levels of complement deposition did not differ between the NHC and ITU-CONV groups. Moreover, for S but not N, downstream complement components were only detected in sera with higher IgG1 levels. Therefore, the classical pathway is activated by antibodies to multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens, but the downstream effects of this activation may differ depending the disease status of the subject and on the specific antigen targeted. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9289266/ /pubmed/35860286 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.838780 Text en Copyright © 2022 Lamerton, Marcial-Juarez, Faustini, Perez-Toledo, Goodall, Jossi, Newby, Chapple, Dietrich, Veenith, Shields, Harper, Henderson, Rayes, Wraith, Watson, Crispin, Drayson, Richter and Cunningham https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Lamerton, Rachel E. Marcial-Juarez, Edith Faustini, Sian E. Perez-Toledo, Marisol Goodall, Margaret Jossi, Siân E. Newby, Maddy L. Chapple, Iain Dietrich, Thomas Veenith, Tonny Shields, Adrian M. Harper, Lorraine Henderson, Ian R. Rayes, Julie Wraith, David C. Watson, Steve P. Crispin, Max Drayson, Mark T. Richter, Alex G. Cunningham, Adam F. SARS-CoV-2 Spike- and Nucleoprotein-Specific Antibodies Induced After Vaccination or Infection Promote Classical Complement Activation |
title | SARS-CoV-2 Spike- and Nucleoprotein-Specific Antibodies Induced After Vaccination or Infection Promote Classical Complement Activation |
title_full | SARS-CoV-2 Spike- and Nucleoprotein-Specific Antibodies Induced After Vaccination or Infection Promote Classical Complement Activation |
title_fullStr | SARS-CoV-2 Spike- and Nucleoprotein-Specific Antibodies Induced After Vaccination or Infection Promote Classical Complement Activation |
title_full_unstemmed | SARS-CoV-2 Spike- and Nucleoprotein-Specific Antibodies Induced After Vaccination or Infection Promote Classical Complement Activation |
title_short | SARS-CoV-2 Spike- and Nucleoprotein-Specific Antibodies Induced After Vaccination or Infection Promote Classical Complement Activation |
title_sort | sars-cov-2 spike- and nucleoprotein-specific antibodies induced after vaccination or infection promote classical complement activation |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9289266/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35860286 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.838780 |
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