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Construct validity and factor structure of the Kessler-10 in South Africa

BACKGROUND: The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10) is a short screening tool developed to identify, with good sensitivity, non-specific psychological distress in the general population. Sensitivity and specificity of the K-10 have been examined in various clinical populations in South Afric...

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Autores principales: Hoffman, Jacob, Cossie, Qhama, Ametaj, Amantia A., Kim, Hannah H., James, Roxanne, Stroud, Rocky E., Stevenson, Anne, Zingela, Zukiswa, Stein, Dan J., Gelaye, Bizu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9290237/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35851071
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00883-9
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author Hoffman, Jacob
Cossie, Qhama
Ametaj, Amantia A.
Kim, Hannah H.
James, Roxanne
Stroud, Rocky E.
Stevenson, Anne
Zingela, Zukiswa
Stein, Dan J.
Gelaye, Bizu
author_facet Hoffman, Jacob
Cossie, Qhama
Ametaj, Amantia A.
Kim, Hannah H.
James, Roxanne
Stroud, Rocky E.
Stevenson, Anne
Zingela, Zukiswa
Stein, Dan J.
Gelaye, Bizu
author_sort Hoffman, Jacob
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10) is a short screening tool developed to identify, with good sensitivity, non-specific psychological distress in the general population. Sensitivity and specificity of the K-10 have been examined in various clinical populations in South Africa; however, other psychometric properties, such as construct validity and factor structure, have not been evaluated. We present evidence of the prevalence and severity of psychological distress in an outpatient setting in South Africa and evaluate the internal reliability, construct validity, and factor structure of the K-10 in this population. METHODS: We explored prevalence estimates of psychological distress using previously established cutoffs and assessed the reliability (consistency) of the K-10 by calculating Cronbach’s alpha, item-total correlations and omega total and hierarchical coefficients. Construct validity and factor structure of the K-10 were examined through split-sample exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), comparing several theoretical models and the EFA. RESULTS: Overall, there was low prevalence of psychological distress in our sample of 2591 adults, the majority of whom were between the ages of 18–44 (77.7%). The K-10 showed good construct validity and reliability, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.84 and omega total of 0.88. EFA yielded a four-factor solution with likely measurement artifacts. CFA showed that the four-factor model from EFA displayed the best comparative fit indices, but was likely overfitted. The unidimensional model with correlated errors was deemed the best fitting model based on fit indices, prior theory, and previous studies. CONCLUSION: The K-10 displays adequate psychometric properties, good internal reliability, and good fit with a unidimensional-factor structure with correlated errors. Further work is required to determine appropriate cutoff values in different populations and clinical subgroups within South Africa to aid in determining the K-10’s clinical utility.
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spelling pubmed-92902372022-07-19 Construct validity and factor structure of the Kessler-10 in South Africa Hoffman, Jacob Cossie, Qhama Ametaj, Amantia A. Kim, Hannah H. James, Roxanne Stroud, Rocky E. Stevenson, Anne Zingela, Zukiswa Stein, Dan J. Gelaye, Bizu BMC Psychol Research BACKGROUND: The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10) is a short screening tool developed to identify, with good sensitivity, non-specific psychological distress in the general population. Sensitivity and specificity of the K-10 have been examined in various clinical populations in South Africa; however, other psychometric properties, such as construct validity and factor structure, have not been evaluated. We present evidence of the prevalence and severity of psychological distress in an outpatient setting in South Africa and evaluate the internal reliability, construct validity, and factor structure of the K-10 in this population. METHODS: We explored prevalence estimates of psychological distress using previously established cutoffs and assessed the reliability (consistency) of the K-10 by calculating Cronbach’s alpha, item-total correlations and omega total and hierarchical coefficients. Construct validity and factor structure of the K-10 were examined through split-sample exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), comparing several theoretical models and the EFA. RESULTS: Overall, there was low prevalence of psychological distress in our sample of 2591 adults, the majority of whom were between the ages of 18–44 (77.7%). The K-10 showed good construct validity and reliability, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.84 and omega total of 0.88. EFA yielded a four-factor solution with likely measurement artifacts. CFA showed that the four-factor model from EFA displayed the best comparative fit indices, but was likely overfitted. The unidimensional model with correlated errors was deemed the best fitting model based on fit indices, prior theory, and previous studies. CONCLUSION: The K-10 displays adequate psychometric properties, good internal reliability, and good fit with a unidimensional-factor structure with correlated errors. Further work is required to determine appropriate cutoff values in different populations and clinical subgroups within South Africa to aid in determining the K-10’s clinical utility. BioMed Central 2022-07-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9290237/ /pubmed/35851071 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00883-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Hoffman, Jacob
Cossie, Qhama
Ametaj, Amantia A.
Kim, Hannah H.
James, Roxanne
Stroud, Rocky E.
Stevenson, Anne
Zingela, Zukiswa
Stein, Dan J.
Gelaye, Bizu
Construct validity and factor structure of the Kessler-10 in South Africa
title Construct validity and factor structure of the Kessler-10 in South Africa
title_full Construct validity and factor structure of the Kessler-10 in South Africa
title_fullStr Construct validity and factor structure of the Kessler-10 in South Africa
title_full_unstemmed Construct validity and factor structure of the Kessler-10 in South Africa
title_short Construct validity and factor structure of the Kessler-10 in South Africa
title_sort construct validity and factor structure of the kessler-10 in south africa
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9290237/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35851071
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00883-9
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