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Characterization and Comparison of the Divergent Metabolic Consequences of High-Sugar and High-Fat Diets in Male Wistar Rats

Diet-induced obesity (DIO) in laboratory rodents can serve as a model with which to study the pathophysiology of obesity, but obesogenic diets (high-sugar and/or high-fat) are often poorly characterised and simplistically aimed at inducing metabolic derangements for the purpose of testing the therap...

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Autores principales: Kotzé-Hörstmann, Liske, Cois, Annibale, Johnson, Rabia, Mabasa, Lawrence, Shabalala, Samukelisiwe, Van Jaarsveld, Paul J., Sadie-Van Gijsen, Hanél
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9290519/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35860656
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.904366
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author Kotzé-Hörstmann, Liske
Cois, Annibale
Johnson, Rabia
Mabasa, Lawrence
Shabalala, Samukelisiwe
Van Jaarsveld, Paul J.
Sadie-Van Gijsen, Hanél
author_facet Kotzé-Hörstmann, Liske
Cois, Annibale
Johnson, Rabia
Mabasa, Lawrence
Shabalala, Samukelisiwe
Van Jaarsveld, Paul J.
Sadie-Van Gijsen, Hanél
author_sort Kotzé-Hörstmann, Liske
collection PubMed
description Diet-induced obesity (DIO) in laboratory rodents can serve as a model with which to study the pathophysiology of obesity, but obesogenic diets (high-sugar and/or high-fat) are often poorly characterised and simplistically aimed at inducing metabolic derangements for the purpose of testing the therapeutic capacity of natural products and other bioactive compounds. Consequently, our understanding of the divergent metabolic responses to different obesogenic diet formulations is limited. The aim of the present study was to characterise and compare differences in the metabolic responses induced by low-fat, medium-fat/high-sugar and high-fat diets in rats through multivariate statistical modelling. Young male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to CON (laboratory chow, low-fat), OB1 (high-sugar, medium-fat) or OB2 (high-fat) dietary groups (n = 24 each) for 17 weeks, after which metabolic responses were characterised. Projection-based multivariate analyses (principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA)) were used to explore the associations between measures of body composition and metabolism. Furthermore, we conducted a systematic literature survey to examine reporting trends in rat dietary intervention studies, and to determine how the metabolic responses observed in the present study compared to other recently published studies. The OB1 and OB2 dietary regimens resulted in distinct metabolic profiles, with OB1 characterised by perturbations in insulin homeostasis and adipose tissue secretory function, while OB2 was characterised by altered lipid and liver metabolism. This work therefore confirms, by means of direct comparison, that differences in dietary composition have a profound impact on metabolic and pathophysiological outcomes in rodent models of DIO. However, through our literature survey we demonstrate that dietary composition is not reported in the majority of rat dietary intervention studies, suggesting that the impact of dietary composition is often not considered during study design or data interpretation. This hampers the usefulness of such studies to provide enhanced mechanistic insights into DIO, and also limits the translatability of such studies within the context of human obesity.
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spelling pubmed-92905192022-07-19 Characterization and Comparison of the Divergent Metabolic Consequences of High-Sugar and High-Fat Diets in Male Wistar Rats Kotzé-Hörstmann, Liske Cois, Annibale Johnson, Rabia Mabasa, Lawrence Shabalala, Samukelisiwe Van Jaarsveld, Paul J. Sadie-Van Gijsen, Hanél Front Physiol Physiology Diet-induced obesity (DIO) in laboratory rodents can serve as a model with which to study the pathophysiology of obesity, but obesogenic diets (high-sugar and/or high-fat) are often poorly characterised and simplistically aimed at inducing metabolic derangements for the purpose of testing the therapeutic capacity of natural products and other bioactive compounds. Consequently, our understanding of the divergent metabolic responses to different obesogenic diet formulations is limited. The aim of the present study was to characterise and compare differences in the metabolic responses induced by low-fat, medium-fat/high-sugar and high-fat diets in rats through multivariate statistical modelling. Young male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to CON (laboratory chow, low-fat), OB1 (high-sugar, medium-fat) or OB2 (high-fat) dietary groups (n = 24 each) for 17 weeks, after which metabolic responses were characterised. Projection-based multivariate analyses (principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA)) were used to explore the associations between measures of body composition and metabolism. Furthermore, we conducted a systematic literature survey to examine reporting trends in rat dietary intervention studies, and to determine how the metabolic responses observed in the present study compared to other recently published studies. The OB1 and OB2 dietary regimens resulted in distinct metabolic profiles, with OB1 characterised by perturbations in insulin homeostasis and adipose tissue secretory function, while OB2 was characterised by altered lipid and liver metabolism. This work therefore confirms, by means of direct comparison, that differences in dietary composition have a profound impact on metabolic and pathophysiological outcomes in rodent models of DIO. However, through our literature survey we demonstrate that dietary composition is not reported in the majority of rat dietary intervention studies, suggesting that the impact of dietary composition is often not considered during study design or data interpretation. This hampers the usefulness of such studies to provide enhanced mechanistic insights into DIO, and also limits the translatability of such studies within the context of human obesity. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9290519/ /pubmed/35860656 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.904366 Text en Copyright © 2022 Kotzé-Hörstmann, Cois, Johnson, Mabasa, Shabalala, Van Jaarsveld and Sadie-Van Gijsen. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Kotzé-Hörstmann, Liske
Cois, Annibale
Johnson, Rabia
Mabasa, Lawrence
Shabalala, Samukelisiwe
Van Jaarsveld, Paul J.
Sadie-Van Gijsen, Hanél
Characterization and Comparison of the Divergent Metabolic Consequences of High-Sugar and High-Fat Diets in Male Wistar Rats
title Characterization and Comparison of the Divergent Metabolic Consequences of High-Sugar and High-Fat Diets in Male Wistar Rats
title_full Characterization and Comparison of the Divergent Metabolic Consequences of High-Sugar and High-Fat Diets in Male Wistar Rats
title_fullStr Characterization and Comparison of the Divergent Metabolic Consequences of High-Sugar and High-Fat Diets in Male Wistar Rats
title_full_unstemmed Characterization and Comparison of the Divergent Metabolic Consequences of High-Sugar and High-Fat Diets in Male Wistar Rats
title_short Characterization and Comparison of the Divergent Metabolic Consequences of High-Sugar and High-Fat Diets in Male Wistar Rats
title_sort characterization and comparison of the divergent metabolic consequences of high-sugar and high-fat diets in male wistar rats
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9290519/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35860656
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.904366
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