A value of soluble Toll‐like receptor 2 and 4 in vaginally obtained amniotic fluid for the prediction of histological chorioamnionitis

INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted to evaluate soluble Toll‐like receptor 2 (sTLR‐2) and soluble Toll‐like receptor 4 (sTLR‐4) levels in vaginally obtained amniotic fluid and investigate their value in the prediction of histological chorioamnionitis (HCA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective case–control study included patients who had been diagnosed with preterm premature rupture of membranes before 34 weeks of gestation and were admitted to Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos. Free leaking amniotic fluid was obtained vaginally using a sterile speculum up to 48 h before delivery. Amniotic fluid levels of sTLR‐2 and sTLR‐4 were determined using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The diagnosis of chorioamnionitis was confirmed by histological examination of the placenta and membranes after delivery. RESULTS: The study included 156 patients, 65 with (HCA Group) and 91 without (non‐HCA Group) HCA. No statistically significant differences were noted in the concentrations of sTLR‐2 and sTLR‐4 in vaginally obtained amniotic fluid between patients with and without HCA: the median sTLR‐2 level was 0.09 ng/mL in the HCA Group vs 0.1 ng/mL in non‐HCA Group, and the median sTLR‐4 level was 0.23 ng/mL in the HCA Group vs 0.28 ng/mL in non‐HCA Group (p > 0.05). A positive correlation between sTLR‐2 and sTLR‐4 levels was identified (ρ = 0.57, p < 0.001), but no correlation was found between these markers and gestational age. CONCLUSIONS: Concentrations of sTLR‐2 and sTLR‐4 in vaginally obtained amniotic fluid do not reflect the presence of HCA in pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes before 34 weeks of gestation.