Efficacy and safety of liraglutide in type 1 diabetes by baseline characteristics in the ADJUNCT ONE and ADJUNCT TWO randomized controlled trials

AIM: To evaluate 26 weeks of liraglutide treatment in type 1 diabetes (T1D) by subgroups in the ADJUNCT ONE and ADJUNCT TWO trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ADJUNCT ONE and ADJUNCT TWO were randomized controlled phase 3 trials in 1398 and 835 participants with T1D treated with liraglutide (1.8, 1.2, or 0.6 mg) or placebo (adjuncts to insulin). This post hoc analysis evaluated treatment effects by subgroups: HbA1c (< or ≥8.5%), body mass index (BMI; < or ≥27 kg/m(2)), and insulin regimen (basal bolus or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion). RESULTS: In both trials at week 26, reductions in HbA1c, body weight, and daily insulin dose did not differ significantly (P > .05) by baseline HbA1c or BMI. Risk of clinically significant hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia with ketosis did not differ significantly (P > .05) by baseline HbA1c, BMI, or insulin regimen. At week 26 in ADJUNCT ONE, these risks did not differ (P > .05) between treatment groups. Placebo‐adjusted reductions in HbA1c, body weight, and insulin dose (−0.30%‐points, −5.0 kg, and −12%, respectively, with liraglutide 1.8 mg), were significant (P < .05), greater than at week 52, and similar to those in ADJUNCT TWO (−0.35%, −4.8 kg, and −10%, respectively, with liraglutide 1.8 mg). CONCLUSIONS: In ADJUNCT ONE and ADJUNCT TWO, the efficacy and glycaemic safety of liraglutide did not depend on subgroups, leaving residual beta‐cell function as the only identified variable impacting the effect of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) in T1D. These findings support a role for GLP‐1 RAs as adjuncts to insulin in T1D, warranting further study.