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Sequence determinants as key regulators in gene expression of T cells
T cell homeostasis, T cell differentiation, and T cell effector function rely on the constant fine‐tuning of gene expression. To alter the T cell state, substantial remodeling of the proteome is required. This remodeling depends on the intricate interplay of regulatory mechanisms, including post‐tra...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9292449/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34486113 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imr.13021 |
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author | Nicolet, Benoit P. Zandhuis, Nordin D. Lattanzio, V. Maria Wolkers, Monika C. |
author_facet | Nicolet, Benoit P. Zandhuis, Nordin D. Lattanzio, V. Maria Wolkers, Monika C. |
author_sort | Nicolet, Benoit P. |
collection | PubMed |
description | T cell homeostasis, T cell differentiation, and T cell effector function rely on the constant fine‐tuning of gene expression. To alter the T cell state, substantial remodeling of the proteome is required. This remodeling depends on the intricate interplay of regulatory mechanisms, including post‐transcriptional gene regulation. In this review, we discuss how the sequence of a transcript influences these post‐transcriptional events. In particular, we review how sequence determinants such as sequence conservation, GC content, and chemical modifications define the levels of the mRNA and the protein in a T cell. We describe the effect of different forms of alternative splicing on mRNA expression and protein production, and their effect on subcellular localization. In addition, we discuss the role of sequences and structures as binding hubs for miRNAs and RNA‐binding proteins in T cells. The review thus highlights how the intimate interplay of post‐transcriptional mechanisms dictate cellular fate decisions in T cells. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9292449 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92924492022-07-20 Sequence determinants as key regulators in gene expression of T cells Nicolet, Benoit P. Zandhuis, Nordin D. Lattanzio, V. Maria Wolkers, Monika C. Immunol Rev Invited Reviews T cell homeostasis, T cell differentiation, and T cell effector function rely on the constant fine‐tuning of gene expression. To alter the T cell state, substantial remodeling of the proteome is required. This remodeling depends on the intricate interplay of regulatory mechanisms, including post‐transcriptional gene regulation. In this review, we discuss how the sequence of a transcript influences these post‐transcriptional events. In particular, we review how sequence determinants such as sequence conservation, GC content, and chemical modifications define the levels of the mRNA and the protein in a T cell. We describe the effect of different forms of alternative splicing on mRNA expression and protein production, and their effect on subcellular localization. In addition, we discuss the role of sequences and structures as binding hubs for miRNAs and RNA‐binding proteins in T cells. The review thus highlights how the intimate interplay of post‐transcriptional mechanisms dictate cellular fate decisions in T cells. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-09-05 2021-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9292449/ /pubmed/34486113 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imr.13021 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Immunological Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | Invited Reviews Nicolet, Benoit P. Zandhuis, Nordin D. Lattanzio, V. Maria Wolkers, Monika C. Sequence determinants as key regulators in gene expression of T cells |
title | Sequence determinants as key regulators in gene expression of T cells |
title_full | Sequence determinants as key regulators in gene expression of T cells |
title_fullStr | Sequence determinants as key regulators in gene expression of T cells |
title_full_unstemmed | Sequence determinants as key regulators in gene expression of T cells |
title_short | Sequence determinants as key regulators in gene expression of T cells |
title_sort | sequence determinants as key regulators in gene expression of t cells |
topic | Invited Reviews |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9292449/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34486113 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imr.13021 |
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