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Passive and Active Microrheology for Biomedical Systems

Microrheology encompasses a range of methods to measure the mechanical properties of soft materials. By characterizing the motion of embedded microscopic particles, microrheology extends the probing length scale and frequency range of conventional bulk rheology. Microrheology can be characterized in...

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Autores principales: Mao, Yating, Nielsen, Paige, Ali, Jamel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9294381/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35866030
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.916354
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author Mao, Yating
Nielsen, Paige
Ali, Jamel
author_facet Mao, Yating
Nielsen, Paige
Ali, Jamel
author_sort Mao, Yating
collection PubMed
description Microrheology encompasses a range of methods to measure the mechanical properties of soft materials. By characterizing the motion of embedded microscopic particles, microrheology extends the probing length scale and frequency range of conventional bulk rheology. Microrheology can be characterized into either passive or active methods based on the driving force exerted on probe particles. Tracer particles are driven by thermal energy in passive methods, applying minimal deformation to the assessed medium. In active techniques, particles are manipulated by an external force, most commonly produced through optical and magnetic fields. Small-scale rheology holds significant advantages over conventional bulk rheology, such as eliminating the need for large sample sizes, the ability to probe fragile materials non-destructively, and a wider probing frequency range. More importantly, some microrheological techniques can obtain spatiotemporal information of local microenvironments and accurately describe the heterogeneity of structurally complex fluids. Recently, there has been significant growth in using these minimally invasive techniques to investigate a wide range of biomedical systems both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we review the latest applications and advancements of microrheology in mammalian cells, tissues, and biofluids and discuss the current challenges and potential future advances on the horizon.
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spelling pubmed-92943812022-07-20 Passive and Active Microrheology for Biomedical Systems Mao, Yating Nielsen, Paige Ali, Jamel Front Bioeng Biotechnol Bioengineering and Biotechnology Microrheology encompasses a range of methods to measure the mechanical properties of soft materials. By characterizing the motion of embedded microscopic particles, microrheology extends the probing length scale and frequency range of conventional bulk rheology. Microrheology can be characterized into either passive or active methods based on the driving force exerted on probe particles. Tracer particles are driven by thermal energy in passive methods, applying minimal deformation to the assessed medium. In active techniques, particles are manipulated by an external force, most commonly produced through optical and magnetic fields. Small-scale rheology holds significant advantages over conventional bulk rheology, such as eliminating the need for large sample sizes, the ability to probe fragile materials non-destructively, and a wider probing frequency range. More importantly, some microrheological techniques can obtain spatiotemporal information of local microenvironments and accurately describe the heterogeneity of structurally complex fluids. Recently, there has been significant growth in using these minimally invasive techniques to investigate a wide range of biomedical systems both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we review the latest applications and advancements of microrheology in mammalian cells, tissues, and biofluids and discuss the current challenges and potential future advances on the horizon. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9294381/ /pubmed/35866030 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.916354 Text en Copyright © 2022 Mao, Nielsen and Ali. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Mao, Yating
Nielsen, Paige
Ali, Jamel
Passive and Active Microrheology for Biomedical Systems
title Passive and Active Microrheology for Biomedical Systems
title_full Passive and Active Microrheology for Biomedical Systems
title_fullStr Passive and Active Microrheology for Biomedical Systems
title_full_unstemmed Passive and Active Microrheology for Biomedical Systems
title_short Passive and Active Microrheology for Biomedical Systems
title_sort passive and active microrheology for biomedical systems
topic Bioengineering and Biotechnology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9294381/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35866030
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.916354
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