Thermal activation significantly improves the organic pollutant removal rate of low-grade manganese ore in a peroxymonosulfate system

Low-cost, eco-friendly and effective catalysts are essential for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to purify water. Hence, we investigated using thermal activation natural low-grade manganese ore (CNMO) as an effective catalyst to activate PMS for the removal of Acid Orange 7 (AO7), a harmful azo dye. CNMO exhibited a more effective activation ability than either the pure component substances alone or natural manganese ore (NMO), owing to its increased charge transfer, pore size and acidic sites. The activation mechanism of PMS was elucidated, and the degradation of AO7 was noted to have been caused by singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)), and increased electron transfer. Moreover, the outstanding degradation of AO7 in actual water indicated that the CNMO/PMS system was highly resistant to surrounding organic and inorganic compounds, and the CNMO exhibited extraordinarily high stability and recyclability. Thus, this study provides not only a new choice of PMS activator that offers low cost, and excellent and stable performance, but also a novel direction for the efficient utilization of low-grade manganese ore.