Suitability of methods for Plasmodium falciparum cultivation in atmospheric air

BACKGROUND: One of the most controversial factors about malaria parasite culture is the gaseous composition used. The most commonly used one consists of a mixture poor in O(2) and rich in CO(2). OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to share standard methods from our research group simplifying Plasmodium falciparum cultures by employing atmospheric air (ATM) and reusable glass bottles under agitation. METHODS: Here, it was compared the parasite viability, free oxygen in media, and drug sensitivity between different strains and isolates maintained for long periods under ATM or classic conditions. FINDINGS: The oxygen concentration in media under ATM was slightly superior to that observed in human blood and the media under the classic gaseous mixture. However, ATM or the use of glass bottles did not affect parasitic proliferation after several years of culture. Noticeably, the introduction of ATM altered reversibly the efficacy of several antimalarials. This influence was different between the strains and isolate. CONCLUSIONS: ATM conditions and shaken flasks could be used as a standard method condition for culture manutention since they do not differ greatly from classical 5% O(2) gas mixtures in terms of parasite proliferation and do not impose non-reversible changes to P. falciparum physiology.