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Inhaled therapy for COVID-19: Considerations of drugs, formulations and devices
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has outspread at full tilt across the world. Although several effective vaccines continue to be deployed, reliable antiviral treatments have yet to be developed against this dis...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier B.V.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9296254/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35868481 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122042 |
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author | Saha, Tushar Quiñones-Mateu, Miguel E. Das, Shyamal C. |
author_facet | Saha, Tushar Quiñones-Mateu, Miguel E. Das, Shyamal C. |
author_sort | Saha, Tushar |
collection | PubMed |
description | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has outspread at full tilt across the world. Although several effective vaccines continue to be deployed, reliable antiviral treatments have yet to be developed against this disease. Currently, available therapeutics for COVID-19 include repurposed, and a few novel drugs. Many drugs have been promising in preclinical studies, but a majority of these drugs have shown little or no efficacy in clinical studies. One of the major reasons is the insufficient drug concentration in the lung, the primary target site of infection for SARS-CoV-2, from the administration of drugs through oral or intravenous routes. Higher effective doses administered through these routes could also lead to adverse side effects. For this reason, inhaled treatments are being tested as an efficient approach for COVID-19, allowing lower doses of drugs ensuring higher concentrations of the drug(s) in the lung. The inhaled treatment combining two or more antiviral drugs will increase potency and reduce the possibility of selecting for SARS-CoV-2 variants with reduced drug susceptibility. Finally, the appropriate drug combination needs to be delivered using a suitable system. Here, we review the current treatment for COVID-19 and their limitations, discussing the advantages of mono and combinational inhaled therapy with a brief outline of the recently reformulated anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents as inhaled formulations. The selection of appropriate delivery devices for inhalation and associated key considerations including the formulation challenges are also discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9296254 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Elsevier B.V. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92962542022-07-20 Inhaled therapy for COVID-19: Considerations of drugs, formulations and devices Saha, Tushar Quiñones-Mateu, Miguel E. Das, Shyamal C. Int J Pharm Article Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has outspread at full tilt across the world. Although several effective vaccines continue to be deployed, reliable antiviral treatments have yet to be developed against this disease. Currently, available therapeutics for COVID-19 include repurposed, and a few novel drugs. Many drugs have been promising in preclinical studies, but a majority of these drugs have shown little or no efficacy in clinical studies. One of the major reasons is the insufficient drug concentration in the lung, the primary target site of infection for SARS-CoV-2, from the administration of drugs through oral or intravenous routes. Higher effective doses administered through these routes could also lead to adverse side effects. For this reason, inhaled treatments are being tested as an efficient approach for COVID-19, allowing lower doses of drugs ensuring higher concentrations of the drug(s) in the lung. The inhaled treatment combining two or more antiviral drugs will increase potency and reduce the possibility of selecting for SARS-CoV-2 variants with reduced drug susceptibility. Finally, the appropriate drug combination needs to be delivered using a suitable system. Here, we review the current treatment for COVID-19 and their limitations, discussing the advantages of mono and combinational inhaled therapy with a brief outline of the recently reformulated anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents as inhaled formulations. The selection of appropriate delivery devices for inhalation and associated key considerations including the formulation challenges are also discussed. Elsevier B.V. 2022-08-25 2022-07-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9296254/ /pubmed/35868481 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122042 Text en © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Saha, Tushar Quiñones-Mateu, Miguel E. Das, Shyamal C. Inhaled therapy for COVID-19: Considerations of drugs, formulations and devices |
title | Inhaled therapy for COVID-19: Considerations of drugs, formulations and devices |
title_full | Inhaled therapy for COVID-19: Considerations of drugs, formulations and devices |
title_fullStr | Inhaled therapy for COVID-19: Considerations of drugs, formulations and devices |
title_full_unstemmed | Inhaled therapy for COVID-19: Considerations of drugs, formulations and devices |
title_short | Inhaled therapy for COVID-19: Considerations of drugs, formulations and devices |
title_sort | inhaled therapy for covid-19: considerations of drugs, formulations and devices |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9296254/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35868481 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122042 |
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