A high-performance Ni-CeO(2)/Ni/Ni-Y(2)O(3)·ZrO(2) three-layer anode for direct iso-octane feeding of solid oxide fuel cells

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) directly fed with iso-octane are expected to be power sources for mobile devices and automobiles. However, the conventional anode catalysts nickel (Ni) or cerium oxide (CeO(2)) used for direct feeding of iso-octane do not suppress carbon deposition or generate high power. In this study, we investigated the Ni-CeO(2)/Ni/Ni-yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ) three-layer anode to establish the suppression of carbon deposition and high-power generation in the SOFC. The anode consists of a Ni-CeO(2) catalyst layer as the top layer, an Ni catalyst layer as the second layer, and a Ni-YSZ catalyst layer as the third layer on top of the electrolyte. The concept of the three-layer anode is as follows: fuel reforming occurs in the Ni-CeO(2) layer, the reformed H(2) or CO is electrochemically oxidized in the Ni-YSZ catalyst layer, and the Ni catalyst middle layer prevents the reaction between YSZ and CeO(2). Scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical characterization confirmed carbon deposition suppression and improved power generation. The anode showed no carbon deposition and generated high-power, 600 mA cm(−2) and 150 mW cm(−2), at 950°C and a steam/carbon ratio of 3.0. Additionally, we discuss the fuel reforming reactions on the three-layer electrode by the results of exhaust gas analysis.