Retardation of Myopia by Multifocal Soft Contact Lens and Orthokeratology: A 1-Year Randomized Clinical Trial

OBJECTIVES: This randomized, single-blind, clinical trial compared the effectiveness of multifocal soft contact lenses (MFSCLs), orthokeratology contact lenses (Ortho-kCLs), and single vision spectacles (SVSs) for myopia control. METHODS: Sixty-six eligible Chinese subjects, aged 7 to 15 years old with cycloplegic refraction measurements between −1.00 and −8.00 diopters (D), astigmatism not more than 1.00 D, and no history of myopia control treatment, were randomly assigned to wear MFSCLs, Ortho-kCLs, or SVSs for 1 year. For all three groups, baseline measurements of cycloplegic refraction, axial length (AL), and corneal endothelial cell density (CECD) were made. At the 6- and 12-month follow-up visits, changes in cycloplegic refraction, AL, and CECD were measured in the MFSCL and SVS groups. For the Ortho-kCL group, only changes in the AL were measured at 6 and 12 months, and CECD was measured at the 12-month follow-up visit. RESULTS: After 1 year of lens wear, myopia progression of the SVS group, −0.938±0.117 D, was greater than that of the MFSCLs group, −0.591±0.106 D (P=0.032). Thus, MFSCLs reduced the rate of myopia progression by 37.0% compared with the SVSs. The AL elongations after 1 year were 0.30±0.03 mm for MFSCLs (P=0.027 vs SVSs), 0.31±0.04 mm for Ortho-kCLs (P=0.049 vs SVSs), and 0.41±0.04 mm for SVSs. Compared with the SVS group, the reduction in AL elongation was 26.8% and 24.4% in the MFSCL and Ortho-kCL groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in CECD among the three groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with SVSs, wearing MFSCLs and Ortho-kCLs significantly delayed myopia progression. MFSCLs and Ortho-kCLs are safe and promising methods of myopia control (chictr.org number, ChiCTR2100048452).