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COVID-19 Inpatient Deaths and Brought-in-Dead Cases in Malaysia

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths can occur in hospitals or otherwise. In Malaysia, COVID-19 deaths occurring outside of the hospital and subsequently brought to the hospital are known as brought-in-dead (BID) cases. To date, the characteristics of BID COVID-19 cases in Malaysia are not cle...

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Autores principales: Lim, Poh Ying, Md Said, Salmiah, Kadir Shahar, Hayati, Azman, Ahmad Zaid Fattah, Mokhtar, Siti Aisah, Mahmud, Aidalina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9298663/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35875031
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.872838
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author Lim, Poh Ying
Md Said, Salmiah
Kadir Shahar, Hayati
Azman, Ahmad Zaid Fattah
Mokhtar, Siti Aisah
Mahmud, Aidalina
author_facet Lim, Poh Ying
Md Said, Salmiah
Kadir Shahar, Hayati
Azman, Ahmad Zaid Fattah
Mokhtar, Siti Aisah
Mahmud, Aidalina
author_sort Lim, Poh Ying
collection PubMed
description Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths can occur in hospitals or otherwise. In Malaysia, COVID-19 deaths occurring outside of the hospital and subsequently brought to the hospital are known as brought-in-dead (BID) cases. To date, the characteristics of BID COVID-19 cases in Malaysia are not clear. The objectives of this study are 2-fold: to explore the characteristics of 29,155 mortality cases in Malaysia and determine the factors associated with the high probability of BID, using the multilevel logistic regression model. Data on COVID-19 mortality cases from the entire country between March 17, 2020 and November 3, 2021 were retrieved from a national open data source. Of the 29,155 COVID-19 mortality cases, 5,903 (20.2%) were BID. A higher probability of BID (p < 0.05) was seen among individuals aged between 18 and 59 years, non-Malaysians, had no comorbidities, did not receive COVID-19 vaccination, and the interval between the date of death and diagnosis. A high prevalence of BID is an alarming public health issue, as this may signal health system failure at one or several levels and, hence, need urgent attention from relevant stakeholders. Based on the findings of this study, increasing the intensity of the vaccination campaign, addressing any issues faced by noncitizens about to COVID-19 management in- and out-of-hospital, increasing the awareness of signs and symptoms of worsening COVID-19 and, hence, the significance of self-monitoring, and determining the potential gaps in the health system may contribute to their increased risk of deaths.
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spelling pubmed-92986632022-07-21 COVID-19 Inpatient Deaths and Brought-in-Dead Cases in Malaysia Lim, Poh Ying Md Said, Salmiah Kadir Shahar, Hayati Azman, Ahmad Zaid Fattah Mokhtar, Siti Aisah Mahmud, Aidalina Front Public Health Public Health Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths can occur in hospitals or otherwise. In Malaysia, COVID-19 deaths occurring outside of the hospital and subsequently brought to the hospital are known as brought-in-dead (BID) cases. To date, the characteristics of BID COVID-19 cases in Malaysia are not clear. The objectives of this study are 2-fold: to explore the characteristics of 29,155 mortality cases in Malaysia and determine the factors associated with the high probability of BID, using the multilevel logistic regression model. Data on COVID-19 mortality cases from the entire country between March 17, 2020 and November 3, 2021 were retrieved from a national open data source. Of the 29,155 COVID-19 mortality cases, 5,903 (20.2%) were BID. A higher probability of BID (p < 0.05) was seen among individuals aged between 18 and 59 years, non-Malaysians, had no comorbidities, did not receive COVID-19 vaccination, and the interval between the date of death and diagnosis. A high prevalence of BID is an alarming public health issue, as this may signal health system failure at one or several levels and, hence, need urgent attention from relevant stakeholders. Based on the findings of this study, increasing the intensity of the vaccination campaign, addressing any issues faced by noncitizens about to COVID-19 management in- and out-of-hospital, increasing the awareness of signs and symptoms of worsening COVID-19 and, hence, the significance of self-monitoring, and determining the potential gaps in the health system may contribute to their increased risk of deaths. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9298663/ /pubmed/35875031 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.872838 Text en Copyright © 2022 Lim, Md Said, Kadir Shahar, Azman, Mokhtar and Mahmud. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Public Health
Lim, Poh Ying
Md Said, Salmiah
Kadir Shahar, Hayati
Azman, Ahmad Zaid Fattah
Mokhtar, Siti Aisah
Mahmud, Aidalina
COVID-19 Inpatient Deaths and Brought-in-Dead Cases in Malaysia
title COVID-19 Inpatient Deaths and Brought-in-Dead Cases in Malaysia
title_full COVID-19 Inpatient Deaths and Brought-in-Dead Cases in Malaysia
title_fullStr COVID-19 Inpatient Deaths and Brought-in-Dead Cases in Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed COVID-19 Inpatient Deaths and Brought-in-Dead Cases in Malaysia
title_short COVID-19 Inpatient Deaths and Brought-in-Dead Cases in Malaysia
title_sort covid-19 inpatient deaths and brought-in-dead cases in malaysia
topic Public Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9298663/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35875031
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.872838
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