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Ensemble of adapted convolutional neural networks (CNN) methods for classifying colon histopathological images
Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) manifest the potential for computer-aided diagnosis systems (CADs) by learning features directly from images rather than using traditional feature extraction methods. Nevertheless, due to the limited sample sizes and heterogeneity in tumor presentation in med...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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PeerJ Inc.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9299234/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35875641 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1031 |
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author | Albashish, Dheeb |
author_facet | Albashish, Dheeb |
author_sort | Albashish, Dheeb |
collection | PubMed |
description | Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) manifest the potential for computer-aided diagnosis systems (CADs) by learning features directly from images rather than using traditional feature extraction methods. Nevertheless, due to the limited sample sizes and heterogeneity in tumor presentation in medical images, CNN models suffer from training issues, including training from scratch, which leads to overfitting. Alternatively, a pre-trained neural network’s transfer learning (TL) is used to derive tumor knowledge from medical image datasets using CNN that were designed for non-medical activations, alleviating the need for large datasets. This study proposes two ensemble learning techniques: E-CNN (product rule) and E-CNN (majority voting). These techniques are based on the adaptation of the pretrained CNN models to classify colon cancer histopathology images into various classes. In these ensembles, the individuals are, initially, constructed by adapting pretrained DenseNet121, MobileNetV2, InceptionV3, and VGG16 models. The adaptation of these models is based on a block-wise fine-tuning policy, in which a set of dense and dropout layers of these pretrained models is joined to explore the variation in the histology images. Then, the models’ decisions are fused via product rule and majority voting aggregation methods. The proposed model was validated against the standard pretrained models and the most recent works on two publicly available benchmark colon histopathological image datasets: Stoean (357 images) and Kather colorectal histology (5,000 images). The results were 97.20% and 91.28% accurate, respectively. The achieved results outperformed the state-of-the-art studies and confirmed that the proposed E-CNNs could be extended to be used in various medical image applications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9299234 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-92992342022-07-21 Ensemble of adapted convolutional neural networks (CNN) methods for classifying colon histopathological images Albashish, Dheeb PeerJ Comput Sci Bioinformatics Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) manifest the potential for computer-aided diagnosis systems (CADs) by learning features directly from images rather than using traditional feature extraction methods. Nevertheless, due to the limited sample sizes and heterogeneity in tumor presentation in medical images, CNN models suffer from training issues, including training from scratch, which leads to overfitting. Alternatively, a pre-trained neural network’s transfer learning (TL) is used to derive tumor knowledge from medical image datasets using CNN that were designed for non-medical activations, alleviating the need for large datasets. This study proposes two ensemble learning techniques: E-CNN (product rule) and E-CNN (majority voting). These techniques are based on the adaptation of the pretrained CNN models to classify colon cancer histopathology images into various classes. In these ensembles, the individuals are, initially, constructed by adapting pretrained DenseNet121, MobileNetV2, InceptionV3, and VGG16 models. The adaptation of these models is based on a block-wise fine-tuning policy, in which a set of dense and dropout layers of these pretrained models is joined to explore the variation in the histology images. Then, the models’ decisions are fused via product rule and majority voting aggregation methods. The proposed model was validated against the standard pretrained models and the most recent works on two publicly available benchmark colon histopathological image datasets: Stoean (357 images) and Kather colorectal histology (5,000 images). The results were 97.20% and 91.28% accurate, respectively. The achieved results outperformed the state-of-the-art studies and confirmed that the proposed E-CNNs could be extended to be used in various medical image applications. PeerJ Inc. 2022-07-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9299234/ /pubmed/35875641 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1031 Text en ©2022 Albashish https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ Computer Science) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. |
spellingShingle | Bioinformatics Albashish, Dheeb Ensemble of adapted convolutional neural networks (CNN) methods for classifying colon histopathological images |
title | Ensemble of adapted convolutional neural networks (CNN) methods for classifying colon histopathological images |
title_full | Ensemble of adapted convolutional neural networks (CNN) methods for classifying colon histopathological images |
title_fullStr | Ensemble of adapted convolutional neural networks (CNN) methods for classifying colon histopathological images |
title_full_unstemmed | Ensemble of adapted convolutional neural networks (CNN) methods for classifying colon histopathological images |
title_short | Ensemble of adapted convolutional neural networks (CNN) methods for classifying colon histopathological images |
title_sort | ensemble of adapted convolutional neural networks (cnn) methods for classifying colon histopathological images |
topic | Bioinformatics |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9299234/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35875641 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1031 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT albashishdheeb ensembleofadaptedconvolutionalneuralnetworkscnnmethodsforclassifyingcolonhistopathologicalimages |