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Subject-Specific 3D Models to Investigate the Influence of Rehabilitation Exercises and the Twisted Structure on Achilles Tendon Strains

The Achilles tendon (AT) is the largest tendon of the human body and has a primary role in locomotor activities. The complex structure of the AT includes twisting of three sub-tendons, non-uniform tissue deformations and differential triceps surae muscle forces. The main aim of this study was to inv...

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Autores principales: Funaro, Alessia, Shim, Vickie, Crouzier, Marion, Mylle, Ine, Vanwanseele, Benedicte
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9299361/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35875495
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.914137
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author Funaro, Alessia
Shim, Vickie
Crouzier, Marion
Mylle, Ine
Vanwanseele, Benedicte
author_facet Funaro, Alessia
Shim, Vickie
Crouzier, Marion
Mylle, Ine
Vanwanseele, Benedicte
author_sort Funaro, Alessia
collection PubMed
description The Achilles tendon (AT) is the largest tendon of the human body and has a primary role in locomotor activities. The complex structure of the AT includes twisting of three sub-tendons, non-uniform tissue deformations and differential triceps surae muscle forces. The main aim of this study was to investigate the impact of commonly used rehabilitation exercises (walking on heels, walking on toes, unilateral heel rise, heel drop with extended knee and heel drop with the knee bent) and different twists on AT strains. 3D freehand ultrasound based subject-specific geometry and subject-specific muscle forces during different types of rehabilitation exercises were used to determine tendon strains magnitudes and differences in strains between the sub-tendons. In addition, three Finite Element models were developed to investigate the impact of AT twist. While walking on heels developed the lowest average strain, heel drop with knee bent exhibited the highest average strain. The eccentric heel drop resulted in higher peak and average strain, compared to concentric heel rise for all the three models. The isolated exercises (heel rise and heel drop) presented higher average strains compared to the functional exercises (walking tasks). The amount of twist influences the peak strains but not the average. Type I consistently showed highest peak strains among the five rehabilitation exercises. The ranking of the exercises based on the AT strains was independent of AT twist. These findings might help clinicians to prescribe rehabilitation exercises for Achilles tendinopathy based on their impact on the AT strains.
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spelling pubmed-92993612022-07-21 Subject-Specific 3D Models to Investigate the Influence of Rehabilitation Exercises and the Twisted Structure on Achilles Tendon Strains Funaro, Alessia Shim, Vickie Crouzier, Marion Mylle, Ine Vanwanseele, Benedicte Front Bioeng Biotechnol Bioengineering and Biotechnology The Achilles tendon (AT) is the largest tendon of the human body and has a primary role in locomotor activities. The complex structure of the AT includes twisting of three sub-tendons, non-uniform tissue deformations and differential triceps surae muscle forces. The main aim of this study was to investigate the impact of commonly used rehabilitation exercises (walking on heels, walking on toes, unilateral heel rise, heel drop with extended knee and heel drop with the knee bent) and different twists on AT strains. 3D freehand ultrasound based subject-specific geometry and subject-specific muscle forces during different types of rehabilitation exercises were used to determine tendon strains magnitudes and differences in strains between the sub-tendons. In addition, three Finite Element models were developed to investigate the impact of AT twist. While walking on heels developed the lowest average strain, heel drop with knee bent exhibited the highest average strain. The eccentric heel drop resulted in higher peak and average strain, compared to concentric heel rise for all the three models. The isolated exercises (heel rise and heel drop) presented higher average strains compared to the functional exercises (walking tasks). The amount of twist influences the peak strains but not the average. Type I consistently showed highest peak strains among the five rehabilitation exercises. The ranking of the exercises based on the AT strains was independent of AT twist. These findings might help clinicians to prescribe rehabilitation exercises for Achilles tendinopathy based on their impact on the AT strains. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9299361/ /pubmed/35875495 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.914137 Text en Copyright © 2022 Funaro, Shim, Crouzier, Mylle and Vanwanseele. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Funaro, Alessia
Shim, Vickie
Crouzier, Marion
Mylle, Ine
Vanwanseele, Benedicte
Subject-Specific 3D Models to Investigate the Influence of Rehabilitation Exercises and the Twisted Structure on Achilles Tendon Strains
title Subject-Specific 3D Models to Investigate the Influence of Rehabilitation Exercises and the Twisted Structure on Achilles Tendon Strains
title_full Subject-Specific 3D Models to Investigate the Influence of Rehabilitation Exercises and the Twisted Structure on Achilles Tendon Strains
title_fullStr Subject-Specific 3D Models to Investigate the Influence of Rehabilitation Exercises and the Twisted Structure on Achilles Tendon Strains
title_full_unstemmed Subject-Specific 3D Models to Investigate the Influence of Rehabilitation Exercises and the Twisted Structure on Achilles Tendon Strains
title_short Subject-Specific 3D Models to Investigate the Influence of Rehabilitation Exercises and the Twisted Structure on Achilles Tendon Strains
title_sort subject-specific 3d models to investigate the influence of rehabilitation exercises and the twisted structure on achilles tendon strains
topic Bioengineering and Biotechnology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9299361/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35875495
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.914137
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