Human Endothelial Cell Seeding in Partially Decellularized Kidneys

The excessive demand for organ transplants has promoted the development of strategies that increase the supply of immune compatible organs, such as xenotransplantation of genetically modified pig organs and the generation of bioartificial organs. We describe a method for the partial replacement of rat endothelial cells for human endothelial cells in a rat's kidney, obtaining as a final result a rat-human bioartificial kidney. First, in order to maintain parenchymal epithelial cells and selectively eliminate rat endothelial cells, three methods were evaluated in which different solutions were perfused through the renal artery: 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 0.01% SDS, and hyperosmolar solutions of sucrose. Then, partially decellularized kidneys were recellularized with human endothelial cells and finally transplanted in an anesthetized rat. The solution of 0.1% SDS achieved the highest vascular decellularization but with high degree of damage in the parenchyma side. On the contrary, 0.01% SDS and hyperosmolar solutions achieved a partial degree of endothelial decellularization. TUNEL assays reveal that hyperosmolar solutions maintained a better epithelial cell viability contrasting with 0.01% SDS. Partially decellularized kidneys were then recellularized with human endothelial cells. Histological analysis showed endothelial cells attached in almost all the vascular bed. Recellularized kidney was transplanted in an anesthetized rat. After surgery, recellularized kidney achieved complete perfusion, and urine was produced for at least 90 min posttransplant. Histological analysis showed endothelial cells attached in almost all the vascular bed. Therefore, endothelial decellularization of grafts and recellularization with human endothelial cells derived from transplant recipients can be a feasible method with the aim to reduce the damage of the grafts.