Cargando…

Is radicalization a family issue? A systematic review of family‐related risk and protective factors, consequences, and interventions against radicalization

BACKGROUND: Family‐related risk and protective factors are crucial for different antisocial behaviors, but their role in radicalization requires synthesis. Radicalization is likely to have a negative impact on families, and well‐designed and implemented family‐focused intervention programs have the...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Zych, Izabela, Nasaescu, Elena
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9300959/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36913228
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1266
_version_ 1784751327739379712
author Zych, Izabela
Nasaescu, Elena
author_facet Zych, Izabela
Nasaescu, Elena
author_sort Zych, Izabela
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Family‐related risk and protective factors are crucial for different antisocial behaviors, but their role in radicalization requires synthesis. Radicalization is likely to have a negative impact on families, and well‐designed and implemented family‐focused intervention programs have the potential to decrease radicalization. OBJECTIVES: Research questions were: (1) What are the family‐related risk and protective factors for radicalization? (2) What is the impact of radicalization on families? (3) Are family‐based interventions against radicalization effective? SEARCH METHODS: Searches included 25 databases and hand searches of gray literature from April to July 2021. Leading researchers in the field were asked to provide published and unpublished studies on the topic. Reference lists of the included studies and previously published systematic reviews on risk and protective factors for radicalization were scanned. SELECTION CRITERIA: Published and unpublished quantitative studies on family‐related risk and protective factors for radicalization, the impact of radicalization on families, and family‐focused interventions were eligible with no restrictions regarding the study year, location, or any demographic characteristic. Studies were included if they measured the relation between a family‐related factor and radicalization or if they included a family‐focused intervention against radicalization. For family‐related risk and protective factors, radicalized individuals needed to be compared to general population. Studies were included if they defined radicalization as support or commission of violence to defend a cause, including support for radical groups. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The systematic search identified 86,591 studies. After screening, 33 studies focused on family‐related risk and protective factors were included, with 89 primary effect sizes and 48 variables grouped in 14 factors. For the factors that included two or more studies, meta‐analyses with random effects were conducted. When possible, moderator analyses were performed together with sensitivity and publication bias analyses. No studies on the impact of radicalization on families or family‐focused interventions were included. RESULTS: The current systematic review based on studies with 148,081 adults and adolescents from diverse geographic locations showed that parental ethnic socialization (z = 0.27), having extremist family members (z = 0.26), and family conflict (z = 0.11) were related to more radicalization, whereas high family socioeconomic status (z = −0.03), bigger family size (z = −0.05), and high family commitment (z = −0.06) were related to less radicalization. Separate analyses described family‐factors for behavioral versus cognitive radicalization, and different radical ideologies including Islamist, right‐wing and left‐wing. It was not possible to distinguish risk and protective factors from correlates and the level of overall bias was mostly high. No results regarding the impact of radicalization on families or family‐focused interventions were included. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Although causal relations between family‐related risk and protective factors could not be established, it is reasonable to suggest that policies and practice should aim at decreasing family‐related risks and increasing protective factors for radicalization. Tailored interventions including these factors should be urgently designed, implemented and evaluated. Studies focused on the impact of radicalization on families and family‐focused interventions are urgently needed together with longitudinal studies on family‐related risk and protective factors.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9300959
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher John Wiley and Sons Inc.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-93009592023-03-09 Is radicalization a family issue? A systematic review of family‐related risk and protective factors, consequences, and interventions against radicalization Zych, Izabela Nasaescu, Elena Campbell Syst Rev Systematic Review BACKGROUND: Family‐related risk and protective factors are crucial for different antisocial behaviors, but their role in radicalization requires synthesis. Radicalization is likely to have a negative impact on families, and well‐designed and implemented family‐focused intervention programs have the potential to decrease radicalization. OBJECTIVES: Research questions were: (1) What are the family‐related risk and protective factors for radicalization? (2) What is the impact of radicalization on families? (3) Are family‐based interventions against radicalization effective? SEARCH METHODS: Searches included 25 databases and hand searches of gray literature from April to July 2021. Leading researchers in the field were asked to provide published and unpublished studies on the topic. Reference lists of the included studies and previously published systematic reviews on risk and protective factors for radicalization were scanned. SELECTION CRITERIA: Published and unpublished quantitative studies on family‐related risk and protective factors for radicalization, the impact of radicalization on families, and family‐focused interventions were eligible with no restrictions regarding the study year, location, or any demographic characteristic. Studies were included if they measured the relation between a family‐related factor and radicalization or if they included a family‐focused intervention against radicalization. For family‐related risk and protective factors, radicalized individuals needed to be compared to general population. Studies were included if they defined radicalization as support or commission of violence to defend a cause, including support for radical groups. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The systematic search identified 86,591 studies. After screening, 33 studies focused on family‐related risk and protective factors were included, with 89 primary effect sizes and 48 variables grouped in 14 factors. For the factors that included two or more studies, meta‐analyses with random effects were conducted. When possible, moderator analyses were performed together with sensitivity and publication bias analyses. No studies on the impact of radicalization on families or family‐focused interventions were included. RESULTS: The current systematic review based on studies with 148,081 adults and adolescents from diverse geographic locations showed that parental ethnic socialization (z = 0.27), having extremist family members (z = 0.26), and family conflict (z = 0.11) were related to more radicalization, whereas high family socioeconomic status (z = −0.03), bigger family size (z = −0.05), and high family commitment (z = −0.06) were related to less radicalization. Separate analyses described family‐factors for behavioral versus cognitive radicalization, and different radical ideologies including Islamist, right‐wing and left‐wing. It was not possible to distinguish risk and protective factors from correlates and the level of overall bias was mostly high. No results regarding the impact of radicalization on families or family‐focused interventions were included. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Although causal relations between family‐related risk and protective factors could not be established, it is reasonable to suggest that policies and practice should aim at decreasing family‐related risks and increasing protective factors for radicalization. Tailored interventions including these factors should be urgently designed, implemented and evaluated. Studies focused on the impact of radicalization on families and family‐focused interventions are urgently needed together with longitudinal studies on family‐related risk and protective factors. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-07-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9300959/ /pubmed/36913228 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1266 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Campbell Systematic Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Campbell Collaboration. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Systematic Review
Zych, Izabela
Nasaescu, Elena
Is radicalization a family issue? A systematic review of family‐related risk and protective factors, consequences, and interventions against radicalization
title Is radicalization a family issue? A systematic review of family‐related risk and protective factors, consequences, and interventions against radicalization
title_full Is radicalization a family issue? A systematic review of family‐related risk and protective factors, consequences, and interventions against radicalization
title_fullStr Is radicalization a family issue? A systematic review of family‐related risk and protective factors, consequences, and interventions against radicalization
title_full_unstemmed Is radicalization a family issue? A systematic review of family‐related risk and protective factors, consequences, and interventions against radicalization
title_short Is radicalization a family issue? A systematic review of family‐related risk and protective factors, consequences, and interventions against radicalization
title_sort is radicalization a family issue? a systematic review of family‐related risk and protective factors, consequences, and interventions against radicalization
topic Systematic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9300959/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36913228
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1266
work_keys_str_mv AT zychizabela isradicalizationafamilyissueasystematicreviewoffamilyrelatedriskandprotectivefactorsconsequencesandinterventionsagainstradicalization
AT nasaescuelena isradicalizationafamilyissueasystematicreviewoffamilyrelatedriskandprotectivefactorsconsequencesandinterventionsagainstradicalization