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The Role of Transposable Elements in Sexual Development

Up to 50% of most mammalian genomes are made up of transposable elements (TEs) that have the potential to mobilize around the genome. Despite this prevalence, research on TEs is only beginning to gain traction within the field of neuroscience. While TEs have long been regarded as “junk” or parasitic...

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Autores principales: Chiang, Vic Shao-Chih, DeRosa, Holly, Park, Jin Ho, Hunter, Richard G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9301316/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35874645
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.923732
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author Chiang, Vic Shao-Chih
DeRosa, Holly
Park, Jin Ho
Hunter, Richard G.
author_facet Chiang, Vic Shao-Chih
DeRosa, Holly
Park, Jin Ho
Hunter, Richard G.
author_sort Chiang, Vic Shao-Chih
collection PubMed
description Up to 50% of most mammalian genomes are made up of transposable elements (TEs) that have the potential to mobilize around the genome. Despite this prevalence, research on TEs is only beginning to gain traction within the field of neuroscience. While TEs have long been regarded as “junk” or parasitic DNA, it has become evident that they are adaptive DNA and RNA regulatory elements. In addition to their vital role in normal development, TEs can also interact with steroid receptors, which are key elements to sexual development. In this review, we provide an overview of the involvement of TEs in processes related to sexual development- from TE activity in the germline to TE accumulation in sex chromosomes. Moreover, we highlight sex differences in TE activity and their regulation of genes related to sexual development. Finally, we speculate on the epigenetic mechanisms that may govern TEs’ role in sexual development. In this context, we emphasize the need to further the understanding of sexual development through the lens of TEs including in a variety of organs at different developmental stages, their molecular networks, and evolution.
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spelling pubmed-93013162022-07-22 The Role of Transposable Elements in Sexual Development Chiang, Vic Shao-Chih DeRosa, Holly Park, Jin Ho Hunter, Richard G. Front Behav Neurosci Neuroscience Up to 50% of most mammalian genomes are made up of transposable elements (TEs) that have the potential to mobilize around the genome. Despite this prevalence, research on TEs is only beginning to gain traction within the field of neuroscience. While TEs have long been regarded as “junk” or parasitic DNA, it has become evident that they are adaptive DNA and RNA regulatory elements. In addition to their vital role in normal development, TEs can also interact with steroid receptors, which are key elements to sexual development. In this review, we provide an overview of the involvement of TEs in processes related to sexual development- from TE activity in the germline to TE accumulation in sex chromosomes. Moreover, we highlight sex differences in TE activity and their regulation of genes related to sexual development. Finally, we speculate on the epigenetic mechanisms that may govern TEs’ role in sexual development. In this context, we emphasize the need to further the understanding of sexual development through the lens of TEs including in a variety of organs at different developmental stages, their molecular networks, and evolution. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9301316/ /pubmed/35874645 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.923732 Text en Copyright © 2022 Chiang, DeRosa, Park and Hunter. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Chiang, Vic Shao-Chih
DeRosa, Holly
Park, Jin Ho
Hunter, Richard G.
The Role of Transposable Elements in Sexual Development
title The Role of Transposable Elements in Sexual Development
title_full The Role of Transposable Elements in Sexual Development
title_fullStr The Role of Transposable Elements in Sexual Development
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Transposable Elements in Sexual Development
title_short The Role of Transposable Elements in Sexual Development
title_sort role of transposable elements in sexual development
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9301316/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35874645
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.923732
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