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Investigation of CD4 and CD8 T cell-mediated protection against influenza A virus in a cohort study

BACKGROUND: The protective effect of T cell-mediated immunity against influenza virus infections in natural settings remains unclear, especially in seasonal epidemics. METHODS: To explore the potential of such protection, we analyzed the blood samples collected longitudinally in a community-based st...

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Autores principales: Tsang, Tim K., Lam, Kwok-Tai, Liu, Yinping, Fang, Vicky J., Mu, Xiaofeng, Leung, Nancy H. L., Peiris, J. S. Malik, Leung, Gabriel M., Cowling, Benjamin J., Tu, Wenwei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9301821/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35858844
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02429-7
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author Tsang, Tim K.
Lam, Kwok-Tai
Liu, Yinping
Fang, Vicky J.
Mu, Xiaofeng
Leung, Nancy H. L.
Peiris, J. S. Malik
Leung, Gabriel M.
Cowling, Benjamin J.
Tu, Wenwei
author_facet Tsang, Tim K.
Lam, Kwok-Tai
Liu, Yinping
Fang, Vicky J.
Mu, Xiaofeng
Leung, Nancy H. L.
Peiris, J. S. Malik
Leung, Gabriel M.
Cowling, Benjamin J.
Tu, Wenwei
author_sort Tsang, Tim K.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The protective effect of T cell-mediated immunity against influenza virus infections in natural settings remains unclear, especially in seasonal epidemics. METHODS: To explore the potential of such protection, we analyzed the blood samples collected longitudinally in a community-based study and covered the first wave of pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1), two subsequent pH1N1 epidemics, and three seasonal H3N2 influenza A epidemics (H3N2) for which we measured pre-existing influenza virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses by intracellular IFN-γ staining assay for 965 whole blood samples. RESULTS: Based on logistic regression, we found that higher pre-existing influenza virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses were associated with lower infection odds for corresponding subtypes. Every fold increase in H3N2-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells was associated with 28% (95% CI 8%, 44%) and 26% (95% CI 8%, 41%) lower H3N2 infection odds, respectively. Every fold increase in pre-existing seasonal H1N1 influenza A virus (sH1N1)-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells was associated with 28% (95% CI 11%, 41%) and 22% (95% CI 8%, 33%) lower pH1N1 infection odds, respectively. We observed the same associations for individuals with pre-epidemic hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers < 40. There was no correlation between pre-existing influenza virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell response and HAI titer. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated homosubtypic and cross-strain protection against influenza infections was associated with T cell response, especially CD4 T cell response. These protections were independent of the protection associated with HAI titer. Therefore, T cell response could be an assessment of individual and population immunity for future epidemics and pandemics, in addition to using HAI titer. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12916-022-02429-7.
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spelling pubmed-93018212022-07-22 Investigation of CD4 and CD8 T cell-mediated protection against influenza A virus in a cohort study Tsang, Tim K. Lam, Kwok-Tai Liu, Yinping Fang, Vicky J. Mu, Xiaofeng Leung, Nancy H. L. Peiris, J. S. Malik Leung, Gabriel M. Cowling, Benjamin J. Tu, Wenwei BMC Med Research Article BACKGROUND: The protective effect of T cell-mediated immunity against influenza virus infections in natural settings remains unclear, especially in seasonal epidemics. METHODS: To explore the potential of such protection, we analyzed the blood samples collected longitudinally in a community-based study and covered the first wave of pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1), two subsequent pH1N1 epidemics, and three seasonal H3N2 influenza A epidemics (H3N2) for which we measured pre-existing influenza virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses by intracellular IFN-γ staining assay for 965 whole blood samples. RESULTS: Based on logistic regression, we found that higher pre-existing influenza virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses were associated with lower infection odds for corresponding subtypes. Every fold increase in H3N2-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells was associated with 28% (95% CI 8%, 44%) and 26% (95% CI 8%, 41%) lower H3N2 infection odds, respectively. Every fold increase in pre-existing seasonal H1N1 influenza A virus (sH1N1)-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells was associated with 28% (95% CI 11%, 41%) and 22% (95% CI 8%, 33%) lower pH1N1 infection odds, respectively. We observed the same associations for individuals with pre-epidemic hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers < 40. There was no correlation between pre-existing influenza virus-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell response and HAI titer. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated homosubtypic and cross-strain protection against influenza infections was associated with T cell response, especially CD4 T cell response. These protections were independent of the protection associated with HAI titer. Therefore, T cell response could be an assessment of individual and population immunity for future epidemics and pandemics, in addition to using HAI titer. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12916-022-02429-7. BioMed Central 2022-07-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9301821/ /pubmed/35858844 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02429-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research Article
Tsang, Tim K.
Lam, Kwok-Tai
Liu, Yinping
Fang, Vicky J.
Mu, Xiaofeng
Leung, Nancy H. L.
Peiris, J. S. Malik
Leung, Gabriel M.
Cowling, Benjamin J.
Tu, Wenwei
Investigation of CD4 and CD8 T cell-mediated protection against influenza A virus in a cohort study
title Investigation of CD4 and CD8 T cell-mediated protection against influenza A virus in a cohort study
title_full Investigation of CD4 and CD8 T cell-mediated protection against influenza A virus in a cohort study
title_fullStr Investigation of CD4 and CD8 T cell-mediated protection against influenza A virus in a cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Investigation of CD4 and CD8 T cell-mediated protection against influenza A virus in a cohort study
title_short Investigation of CD4 and CD8 T cell-mediated protection against influenza A virus in a cohort study
title_sort investigation of cd4 and cd8 t cell-mediated protection against influenza a virus in a cohort study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9301821/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35858844
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-022-02429-7
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