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The molecular pathophysiology of depression and the new therapeutics
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent and disabling disorder. Despite the many hypotheses proposed to understand the molecular pathophysiology of depression, it is still unclear. Current treatments for depression are inadequate for many individuals, because of limited effectiveness,...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9301929/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35875370 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mco2.156 |
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author | Tian, Haihua Hu, Zhenyu Xu, Jia Wang, Chuang |
author_facet | Tian, Haihua Hu, Zhenyu Xu, Jia Wang, Chuang |
author_sort | Tian, Haihua |
collection | PubMed |
description | Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent and disabling disorder. Despite the many hypotheses proposed to understand the molecular pathophysiology of depression, it is still unclear. Current treatments for depression are inadequate for many individuals, because of limited effectiveness, delayed efficacy (usually two weeks), and side effects. Consequently, novel drugs with increased speed of action and effectiveness are required. Ketamine has shown to have rapid, reliable, and long‐lasting antidepressant effects in treatment‐resistant MDD patients and represent a breakthrough therapy for patients with MDD; however, concerns regarding its efficacy, potential misuse, and side effects remain. In this review, we aimed to summarize molecular mechanisms and pharmacological treatments for depression. We focused on the fast antidepressant treatment and clarified the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of ketamine and its metabolites for the MDD treatment, along with a review of the potential pharmacological mechanisms, research challenges, and future clinical prospects. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9301929 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93019292022-07-22 The molecular pathophysiology of depression and the new therapeutics Tian, Haihua Hu, Zhenyu Xu, Jia Wang, Chuang MedComm (2020) Reviews Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent and disabling disorder. Despite the many hypotheses proposed to understand the molecular pathophysiology of depression, it is still unclear. Current treatments for depression are inadequate for many individuals, because of limited effectiveness, delayed efficacy (usually two weeks), and side effects. Consequently, novel drugs with increased speed of action and effectiveness are required. Ketamine has shown to have rapid, reliable, and long‐lasting antidepressant effects in treatment‐resistant MDD patients and represent a breakthrough therapy for patients with MDD; however, concerns regarding its efficacy, potential misuse, and side effects remain. In this review, we aimed to summarize molecular mechanisms and pharmacological treatments for depression. We focused on the fast antidepressant treatment and clarified the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of ketamine and its metabolites for the MDD treatment, along with a review of the potential pharmacological mechanisms, research challenges, and future clinical prospects. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-07-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9301929/ /pubmed/35875370 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mco2.156 Text en © 2022 The Authors. MedComm published by Sichuan International Medical Exchange & Promotion Association (SCIMEA) and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Reviews Tian, Haihua Hu, Zhenyu Xu, Jia Wang, Chuang The molecular pathophysiology of depression and the new therapeutics |
title | The molecular pathophysiology of depression and the new therapeutics |
title_full | The molecular pathophysiology of depression and the new therapeutics |
title_fullStr | The molecular pathophysiology of depression and the new therapeutics |
title_full_unstemmed | The molecular pathophysiology of depression and the new therapeutics |
title_short | The molecular pathophysiology of depression and the new therapeutics |
title_sort | molecular pathophysiology of depression and the new therapeutics |
topic | Reviews |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9301929/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35875370 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mco2.156 |
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