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The 2-Methoxymethyl Modification of p-Phenylenediamine Reduces the Sensitization Risk for Hairdressers to Hair Dyes—An Occupational Hand Exposure–Based Risk Assessment
Allergic contact dermatitis involving the hands is a common occupational skin disease for hairdressers and the potent sensitizers p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and toluene-2,5-diamine (PTD) are associated with the development of occupational allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study wa...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9301993/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35777963 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/DER.0000000000000915 |
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author | Gargano, Emanuele Marco Blömeke, Brunhilde Gaspari, Anthony A. Goebel, Carsten |
author_facet | Gargano, Emanuele Marco Blömeke, Brunhilde Gaspari, Anthony A. Goebel, Carsten |
author_sort | Gargano, Emanuele Marco |
collection | PubMed |
description | Allergic contact dermatitis involving the hands is a common occupational skin disease for hairdressers and the potent sensitizers p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and toluene-2,5-diamine (PTD) are associated with the development of occupational allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to analyze whether the use of the moderate sensitizer 2-methoxymethyl-PPD (ME-PPD) in professional hair dyes is a suitable tool to reduce the occupational contact allergy risk for hairdressers. METHODS: Hand exposure of hairdressers (N = 11) to ME-PPD was analyzed under routine hair coloring conditions in commercial salons. By accounting for wet work and uneven hand exposure, the daily hand exposure was derived and compared with the occupational acceptable exposure level (AEL), that is, the sensitization induction threshold of ME-PPD adjusted for interindividual variability among workers. RESULTS: The daily hand exposure to ME-PPD was 1.6 μg/cm(2), and the occupational AEL was 215 μg/cm(2). The ratio of hand exposure to AEL was calculated as the margin of safety (MOS) against occupational sensitization. For ME-PPD, the MOS of 134 indicates a low likelihood of sensitization versus PPD and PTD with MOS values of 2.7 and 5.9, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our data predict that the use of ME-PPD in professional hair color products improves the protection of hairdressers against hair dye–related contact allergy versus the use of PPD and PTD. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9301993 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93019932022-08-02 The 2-Methoxymethyl Modification of p-Phenylenediamine Reduces the Sensitization Risk for Hairdressers to Hair Dyes—An Occupational Hand Exposure–Based Risk Assessment Gargano, Emanuele Marco Blömeke, Brunhilde Gaspari, Anthony A. Goebel, Carsten Dermatitis Studies Allergic contact dermatitis involving the hands is a common occupational skin disease for hairdressers and the potent sensitizers p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and toluene-2,5-diamine (PTD) are associated with the development of occupational allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to analyze whether the use of the moderate sensitizer 2-methoxymethyl-PPD (ME-PPD) in professional hair dyes is a suitable tool to reduce the occupational contact allergy risk for hairdressers. METHODS: Hand exposure of hairdressers (N = 11) to ME-PPD was analyzed under routine hair coloring conditions in commercial salons. By accounting for wet work and uneven hand exposure, the daily hand exposure was derived and compared with the occupational acceptable exposure level (AEL), that is, the sensitization induction threshold of ME-PPD adjusted for interindividual variability among workers. RESULTS: The daily hand exposure to ME-PPD was 1.6 μg/cm(2), and the occupational AEL was 215 μg/cm(2). The ratio of hand exposure to AEL was calculated as the margin of safety (MOS) against occupational sensitization. For ME-PPD, the MOS of 134 indicates a low likelihood of sensitization versus PPD and PTD with MOS values of 2.7 and 5.9, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our data predict that the use of ME-PPD in professional hair color products improves the protection of hairdressers against hair dye–related contact allergy versus the use of PPD and PTD. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2022 2022-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9301993/ /pubmed/35777963 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/DER.0000000000000915 Text en Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Contact Dermatitis Society. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) , where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. |
spellingShingle | Studies Gargano, Emanuele Marco Blömeke, Brunhilde Gaspari, Anthony A. Goebel, Carsten The 2-Methoxymethyl Modification of p-Phenylenediamine Reduces the Sensitization Risk for Hairdressers to Hair Dyes—An Occupational Hand Exposure–Based Risk Assessment |
title | The 2-Methoxymethyl Modification of p-Phenylenediamine Reduces the Sensitization Risk for Hairdressers to Hair Dyes—An Occupational Hand Exposure–Based Risk Assessment |
title_full | The 2-Methoxymethyl Modification of p-Phenylenediamine Reduces the Sensitization Risk for Hairdressers to Hair Dyes—An Occupational Hand Exposure–Based Risk Assessment |
title_fullStr | The 2-Methoxymethyl Modification of p-Phenylenediamine Reduces the Sensitization Risk for Hairdressers to Hair Dyes—An Occupational Hand Exposure–Based Risk Assessment |
title_full_unstemmed | The 2-Methoxymethyl Modification of p-Phenylenediamine Reduces the Sensitization Risk for Hairdressers to Hair Dyes—An Occupational Hand Exposure–Based Risk Assessment |
title_short | The 2-Methoxymethyl Modification of p-Phenylenediamine Reduces the Sensitization Risk for Hairdressers to Hair Dyes—An Occupational Hand Exposure–Based Risk Assessment |
title_sort | 2-methoxymethyl modification of p-phenylenediamine reduces the sensitization risk for hairdressers to hair dyes—an occupational hand exposure–based risk assessment |
topic | Studies |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9301993/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35777963 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/DER.0000000000000915 |
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