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Time to occurrence, predictors, and patterns of opportunistic infections incidence among HIV-positive patients attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic of Salale University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: A retrospective cohort study
Opportunistic infections (OIs) in HIV patients are infections that are more common or more severe as a result of HIV-mediated immunosuppression. The advances in the capacity of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have diminished the incidence of OIs. However, even in the ART era, HIV-related OIs continue t...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9302289/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35866778 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000029905 |
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author | Girma, Derara Dejene, Hiwot Adugna Geleta, Leta Tesema, Mengistu Bati, Feyiso |
author_facet | Girma, Derara Dejene, Hiwot Adugna Geleta, Leta Tesema, Mengistu Bati, Feyiso |
author_sort | Girma, Derara |
collection | PubMed |
description | Opportunistic infections (OIs) in HIV patients are infections that are more common or more severe as a result of HIV-mediated immunosuppression. The advances in the capacity of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have diminished the incidence of OIs. However, even in the ART era, HIV-related OIs continue to be major causes of hospitalization and mortality. Therefore, this study aims to identify time to occurrence, predictors, and patterns of OIs incidence among HIV-positive patients attending ART clinic of Salale University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted between 1(st) September 2016 and 1(st) September 2021. All 419 patients diagnosed during the study period were recruited. Data were extracted from both patient medical records and ART logbooks. Stata-16 was used for data analysis. Follow-up time was calculated from the date of HIV diagnosis to the date of OIs occurrence or censoring. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify the predictors of OIs incidence. The total person-time of the follow-up was 8656 person-months of observation. During the follow-up time, 199 (47.49%) of the patients had developed OIs. The incidence rate of OIs was 23 (95%CI: 20, 26) per 1000 person-months of observation. The median OIs free survival time was 36 (95%CI: 31, 40) months. Predictors such as residence, cd4 category, baseline hemoglobin level, ART side effects, isoniazid preventive therapy, and chronic disease comorbidity were significantly predicted OIs incidence. The study area’s OIs incidence remained high, requiring prompt action. To reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with OIs, HIV-positive patients with the predictors of rural residence, low CD4 category, low baseline hemoglobin level, ART side effects, not taking IPT, and baseline chronic disease comorbidity necessitate close follow-up and monitoring. Thus, we recommend focused and evidence-informed strategies to address OIs burden and improve outcomes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9302289 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93022892022-08-03 Time to occurrence, predictors, and patterns of opportunistic infections incidence among HIV-positive patients attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic of Salale University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: A retrospective cohort study Girma, Derara Dejene, Hiwot Adugna Geleta, Leta Tesema, Mengistu Bati, Feyiso Medicine (Baltimore) Research Article Opportunistic infections (OIs) in HIV patients are infections that are more common or more severe as a result of HIV-mediated immunosuppression. The advances in the capacity of antiretroviral therapy (ART) have diminished the incidence of OIs. However, even in the ART era, HIV-related OIs continue to be major causes of hospitalization and mortality. Therefore, this study aims to identify time to occurrence, predictors, and patterns of OIs incidence among HIV-positive patients attending ART clinic of Salale University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted between 1(st) September 2016 and 1(st) September 2021. All 419 patients diagnosed during the study period were recruited. Data were extracted from both patient medical records and ART logbooks. Stata-16 was used for data analysis. Follow-up time was calculated from the date of HIV diagnosis to the date of OIs occurrence or censoring. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify the predictors of OIs incidence. The total person-time of the follow-up was 8656 person-months of observation. During the follow-up time, 199 (47.49%) of the patients had developed OIs. The incidence rate of OIs was 23 (95%CI: 20, 26) per 1000 person-months of observation. The median OIs free survival time was 36 (95%CI: 31, 40) months. Predictors such as residence, cd4 category, baseline hemoglobin level, ART side effects, isoniazid preventive therapy, and chronic disease comorbidity were significantly predicted OIs incidence. The study area’s OIs incidence remained high, requiring prompt action. To reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with OIs, HIV-positive patients with the predictors of rural residence, low CD4 category, low baseline hemoglobin level, ART side effects, not taking IPT, and baseline chronic disease comorbidity necessitate close follow-up and monitoring. Thus, we recommend focused and evidence-informed strategies to address OIs burden and improve outcomes. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2022-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9302289/ /pubmed/35866778 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000029905 Text en Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial License 4.0 (CCBY-NC) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) , where it is permissible to download, share, remix, transform, and buildup the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be used commercially without permission from the journal. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Girma, Derara Dejene, Hiwot Adugna Geleta, Leta Tesema, Mengistu Bati, Feyiso Time to occurrence, predictors, and patterns of opportunistic infections incidence among HIV-positive patients attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic of Salale University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: A retrospective cohort study |
title | Time to occurrence, predictors, and patterns of opportunistic infections incidence among HIV-positive patients attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic of Salale University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: A retrospective cohort study |
title_full | Time to occurrence, predictors, and patterns of opportunistic infections incidence among HIV-positive patients attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic of Salale University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: A retrospective cohort study |
title_fullStr | Time to occurrence, predictors, and patterns of opportunistic infections incidence among HIV-positive patients attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic of Salale University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: A retrospective cohort study |
title_full_unstemmed | Time to occurrence, predictors, and patterns of opportunistic infections incidence among HIV-positive patients attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic of Salale University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: A retrospective cohort study |
title_short | Time to occurrence, predictors, and patterns of opportunistic infections incidence among HIV-positive patients attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic of Salale University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: A retrospective cohort study |
title_sort | time to occurrence, predictors, and patterns of opportunistic infections incidence among hiv-positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy clinic of salale university comprehensive specialized hospital: a retrospective cohort study |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9302289/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35866778 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000029905 |
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