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Edge‐enhancement densenet for X‐ray fluoroscopy image denoising in cardiac electrophysiology procedures

PURPOSE: Reducing X‐ray dose increases safety in cardiac electrophysiology procedures but also increases image noise and artifacts which may affect the discernibility of devices and anatomical cues. Previous denoising methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown improvements in t...

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Autores principales: Luo, Yimin, Ma, Yingliang, O’ Brien, Hugh, Jiang, Kui, Kohli, Vikram, Maidelin, Sesilia, Saeed, Mahrukh, Deng, Emily, Pushparajah, Kuberan, Rhode, Kawal S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9304258/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34954836
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mp.15426
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author Luo, Yimin
Ma, Yingliang
O’ Brien, Hugh
Jiang, Kui
Kohli, Vikram
Maidelin, Sesilia
Saeed, Mahrukh
Deng, Emily
Pushparajah, Kuberan
Rhode, Kawal S.
author_facet Luo, Yimin
Ma, Yingliang
O’ Brien, Hugh
Jiang, Kui
Kohli, Vikram
Maidelin, Sesilia
Saeed, Mahrukh
Deng, Emily
Pushparajah, Kuberan
Rhode, Kawal S.
author_sort Luo, Yimin
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: Reducing X‐ray dose increases safety in cardiac electrophysiology procedures but also increases image noise and artifacts which may affect the discernibility of devices and anatomical cues. Previous denoising methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown improvements in the quality of low‐dose X‐ray fluoroscopy images but may compromise clinically important details required by cardiologists. METHODS: In order to obtain denoised X‐ray fluoroscopy images whilst preserving details, we propose a novel deep‐learning‐based denoising framework, namely edge‐enhancement densenet (EEDN), in which an attention‐awareness edge‐enhancement module is designed to increase edge sharpness. In this framework, a CNN‐based denoiser is first used to generate an initial denoising result. Contours representing edge information are then extracted using an attention block and a group of interacted ultra‐dense blocks for edge feature representation. Finally, the initial denoising result and enhanced edges are combined to generate the final X‐ray image. The proposed denoising framework was tested on a total of 3262 clinical images taken from 100 low‐dose X‐ray sequences acquired from 20 patients. The performance was assessed by pairwise voting from five cardiologists as well as quantitative indicators. Furthermore, we evaluated our technique's effect on catheter detection using 416 images containing coronary sinus catheters in order to examine its influence as a pre‐processing tool. RESULTS: The average signal‐to‐noise ratio of X‐ray images denoised with EEDN was 24.5, which was 2.2 times higher than that of the original images. The accuracy of catheter detection from EEDN denoised sequences showed no significant difference compared with their original counterparts. Moreover, EEDN received the highest average votes in our clinician assessment when compared to our existing technique and the original images. CONCLUSION: The proposed deep learning‐based framework shows promising capability for denoising interventional X‐ray fluoroscopy images. The results from the catheter detection show that the network does not affect the results of such an algorithm when used as a pre‐processing step. The extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluations suggest that the network may be of benefit to reduce radiation dose when applied in real time in the catheter laboratory.
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spelling pubmed-93042582022-07-28 Edge‐enhancement densenet for X‐ray fluoroscopy image denoising in cardiac electrophysiology procedures Luo, Yimin Ma, Yingliang O’ Brien, Hugh Jiang, Kui Kohli, Vikram Maidelin, Sesilia Saeed, Mahrukh Deng, Emily Pushparajah, Kuberan Rhode, Kawal S. Med Phys COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DOSIMETRY PURPOSE: Reducing X‐ray dose increases safety in cardiac electrophysiology procedures but also increases image noise and artifacts which may affect the discernibility of devices and anatomical cues. Previous denoising methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown improvements in the quality of low‐dose X‐ray fluoroscopy images but may compromise clinically important details required by cardiologists. METHODS: In order to obtain denoised X‐ray fluoroscopy images whilst preserving details, we propose a novel deep‐learning‐based denoising framework, namely edge‐enhancement densenet (EEDN), in which an attention‐awareness edge‐enhancement module is designed to increase edge sharpness. In this framework, a CNN‐based denoiser is first used to generate an initial denoising result. Contours representing edge information are then extracted using an attention block and a group of interacted ultra‐dense blocks for edge feature representation. Finally, the initial denoising result and enhanced edges are combined to generate the final X‐ray image. The proposed denoising framework was tested on a total of 3262 clinical images taken from 100 low‐dose X‐ray sequences acquired from 20 patients. The performance was assessed by pairwise voting from five cardiologists as well as quantitative indicators. Furthermore, we evaluated our technique's effect on catheter detection using 416 images containing coronary sinus catheters in order to examine its influence as a pre‐processing tool. RESULTS: The average signal‐to‐noise ratio of X‐ray images denoised with EEDN was 24.5, which was 2.2 times higher than that of the original images. The accuracy of catheter detection from EEDN denoised sequences showed no significant difference compared with their original counterparts. Moreover, EEDN received the highest average votes in our clinician assessment when compared to our existing technique and the original images. CONCLUSION: The proposed deep learning‐based framework shows promising capability for denoising interventional X‐ray fluoroscopy images. The results from the catheter detection show that the network does not affect the results of such an algorithm when used as a pre‐processing step. The extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluations suggest that the network may be of benefit to reduce radiation dose when applied in real time in the catheter laboratory. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-01-18 2022-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9304258/ /pubmed/34954836 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mp.15426 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Medical Physics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Association of Physicists in Medicine https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DOSIMETRY
Luo, Yimin
Ma, Yingliang
O’ Brien, Hugh
Jiang, Kui
Kohli, Vikram
Maidelin, Sesilia
Saeed, Mahrukh
Deng, Emily
Pushparajah, Kuberan
Rhode, Kawal S.
Edge‐enhancement densenet for X‐ray fluoroscopy image denoising in cardiac electrophysiology procedures
title Edge‐enhancement densenet for X‐ray fluoroscopy image denoising in cardiac electrophysiology procedures
title_full Edge‐enhancement densenet for X‐ray fluoroscopy image denoising in cardiac electrophysiology procedures
title_fullStr Edge‐enhancement densenet for X‐ray fluoroscopy image denoising in cardiac electrophysiology procedures
title_full_unstemmed Edge‐enhancement densenet for X‐ray fluoroscopy image denoising in cardiac electrophysiology procedures
title_short Edge‐enhancement densenet for X‐ray fluoroscopy image denoising in cardiac electrophysiology procedures
title_sort edge‐enhancement densenet for x‐ray fluoroscopy image denoising in cardiac electrophysiology procedures
topic COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DOSIMETRY
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9304258/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34954836
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mp.15426
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