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Target Therapy in Thyroid Cancer: Current Challenge in Clinical Use of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Management of Side Effects

Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. TC is classified as differentiated TC (DTC), which includes papillary and follicular subtypes and Hürthle cell variants, medullary TC (MTC), anaplastic TC (ATC), and poorly differentiated TC (PDTC). The standard of care in DTC consists of...

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Autores principales: Puliafito, Ivana, Esposito, Francesca, Prestifilippo, Angela, Marchisotta, Stefania, Sciacca, Dorotea, Vitale, Maria Paola, Giuffrida, Dario
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9304687/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35872981
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.860671
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author Puliafito, Ivana
Esposito, Francesca
Prestifilippo, Angela
Marchisotta, Stefania
Sciacca, Dorotea
Vitale, Maria Paola
Giuffrida, Dario
author_facet Puliafito, Ivana
Esposito, Francesca
Prestifilippo, Angela
Marchisotta, Stefania
Sciacca, Dorotea
Vitale, Maria Paola
Giuffrida, Dario
author_sort Puliafito, Ivana
collection PubMed
description Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. TC is classified as differentiated TC (DTC), which includes papillary and follicular subtypes and Hürthle cell variants, medullary TC (MTC), anaplastic TC (ATC), and poorly differentiated TC (PDTC). The standard of care in DTC consists of surgery together with radioactive iodine ((131)I) therapy and thyroid hormone, but patients with MTC do not benefit from (131)I therapy. Patients with advanced TC resistant to (131)I treatment (RAI-R) have no chance of cure, as well as patients affected by ATC and progressive MTC, in which conventional therapy plays only a palliative role, representing, until a few years ago, an urgent unmet need. In the last decade, a better understanding of molecular pathways involved in the tumorigenesis of specific histopathological subtypes of TC has led to develop tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). TKIs represent a valid treatment in progressive advanced disease and were tested in all subtypes of TC, highlighting the need to improve progression-free survival. However, treatments using these novel therapeutics are often accompanied by side effects that required optimal management to minimize their toxicities and thereby enable patients who show benefit to continue treatment and obtain maximal clinical efficacy. The goal of this overview is to provide an update on the current use of the main drugs recently studied for advanced TC and the management of the adverse events.
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spelling pubmed-93046872022-07-23 Target Therapy in Thyroid Cancer: Current Challenge in Clinical Use of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Management of Side Effects Puliafito, Ivana Esposito, Francesca Prestifilippo, Angela Marchisotta, Stefania Sciacca, Dorotea Vitale, Maria Paola Giuffrida, Dario Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. TC is classified as differentiated TC (DTC), which includes papillary and follicular subtypes and Hürthle cell variants, medullary TC (MTC), anaplastic TC (ATC), and poorly differentiated TC (PDTC). The standard of care in DTC consists of surgery together with radioactive iodine ((131)I) therapy and thyroid hormone, but patients with MTC do not benefit from (131)I therapy. Patients with advanced TC resistant to (131)I treatment (RAI-R) have no chance of cure, as well as patients affected by ATC and progressive MTC, in which conventional therapy plays only a palliative role, representing, until a few years ago, an urgent unmet need. In the last decade, a better understanding of molecular pathways involved in the tumorigenesis of specific histopathological subtypes of TC has led to develop tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). TKIs represent a valid treatment in progressive advanced disease and were tested in all subtypes of TC, highlighting the need to improve progression-free survival. However, treatments using these novel therapeutics are often accompanied by side effects that required optimal management to minimize their toxicities and thereby enable patients who show benefit to continue treatment and obtain maximal clinical efficacy. The goal of this overview is to provide an update on the current use of the main drugs recently studied for advanced TC and the management of the adverse events. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9304687/ /pubmed/35872981 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.860671 Text en Copyright © 2022 Puliafito, Esposito, Prestifilippo, Marchisotta, Sciacca, Vitale and Giuffrida https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Endocrinology
Puliafito, Ivana
Esposito, Francesca
Prestifilippo, Angela
Marchisotta, Stefania
Sciacca, Dorotea
Vitale, Maria Paola
Giuffrida, Dario
Target Therapy in Thyroid Cancer: Current Challenge in Clinical Use of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Management of Side Effects
title Target Therapy in Thyroid Cancer: Current Challenge in Clinical Use of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Management of Side Effects
title_full Target Therapy in Thyroid Cancer: Current Challenge in Clinical Use of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Management of Side Effects
title_fullStr Target Therapy in Thyroid Cancer: Current Challenge in Clinical Use of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Management of Side Effects
title_full_unstemmed Target Therapy in Thyroid Cancer: Current Challenge in Clinical Use of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Management of Side Effects
title_short Target Therapy in Thyroid Cancer: Current Challenge in Clinical Use of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Management of Side Effects
title_sort target therapy in thyroid cancer: current challenge in clinical use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and management of side effects
topic Endocrinology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9304687/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35872981
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.860671
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