Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Level and Bone Mineral Density: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

BACKGROUND: This Mendelian randomization (MR) study aimed to explore the causal relationship between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS: We conducted a two-sample MR analysis to figure out if there is any causal effect of PUFAs on BMD through the summary data from the genome-wide association study (GWAS). Relationships were evaluated through inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, and maximum likelihood methods. The MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) test was performed to detect the horizontal pleiotropy. RESULTS: Our findings revealed that omega-6 fatty acids were negatively related to the TB-BMD (beta-estimate: −0.0515; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.0911 to −0.0119; standard error [SE]: 0.0201; p-value: 0.0106). The reverse direction MR analysis showed that TB-BMD was linked to the omega-6 FAs (beta-estimate: −0.0699; 95% CI: −0.1304 to −0.0095; SE: 0.0308; p-value: 0.0265). No statistically significant correlations between PUFAs and BMD were observed after adjusting the interactions between metabolites. CONCLUSION: This two-sample MR analyses produced strong and new genomic evidence that there was a causal relationship between omega-6 FAs and BMD. Further investigations are still required to elucidate the potential mechanism.