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Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Sub-Saharan African Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND: Among sub-Saharan African women, cervical cancer is steadily increasing with more than 75,000 new cases and 50,000 deaths annually. Due to the vast ethno geography variation, Africa harbors heterogeneous genotypes of HPV. High-risk HPV [hr HPV] genotypes such as hr HPV-16,−18,-35, and−52...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9304908/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35875040 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.890880 |
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author | Seyoum, Ayichew Assefa, Nega Gure, Tadesse Seyoum, Berhanu Mulu, Andargachew Mihret, Adane |
author_facet | Seyoum, Ayichew Assefa, Nega Gure, Tadesse Seyoum, Berhanu Mulu, Andargachew Mihret, Adane |
author_sort | Seyoum, Ayichew |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Among sub-Saharan African women, cervical cancer is steadily increasing with more than 75,000 new cases and 50,000 deaths annually. Due to the vast ethno geography variation, Africa harbors heterogeneous genotypes of HPV. High-risk HPV [hr HPV] genotypes such as hr HPV-16,−18,-35, and−52 are abundantly reported in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to generate an evidence on the prevalence and the genotype distribution of hr HPV among sub-Saharan African countries. METHODS: The review was conducted by following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and Meta-analysis. PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, Heath Technology assessment and Cochrane Library databases were used to retrieve published original studies between 2001 and 2021. It included studies that used PCR-based or hybrid testing to assess the presence of HPV DNA in a cervical biopsy, cervical swelling, and vaginal swelling. Statistical software for data science (STATA V16) software using a random-effects model was used to determine the pooled prevalence and type-specific distribution of HPV with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The I-squared statistic was used to describe the level of heterogeneity. The study protocol is registered on PROSPERO with reference number CRD42022311157. RESULTS: The review included 27 studies conducted in 19 sub-Saharan countries. A total of 16,506 study participants from 27 studies were included in a systematic review and 5,303 of them were infected with the hr HPV infection. Out these, only 3,075 of them were eligible for meta-analysis. The incidence proportion of estimatesof hr HPV infection among study participants with different health conditions ranges from 10.7 to 97.2% while the pooled incidence proportion of estimates is 34% (95%CI: 29–39). Among 3,075 women, 424 (13.8%), 305 (9.9%) and 279 (9%) were infected with HPV-16,−52 and−18, respectively. HPV-16 and−52 are the main genotypes causing the hr HPV infection in the Eastern and Southern African sub-contents, whereas HPV-16 and−35 are the main genotypes in the Western African countries. CONCLUSIONS: Depending on several factors, especially women's health conditions, the high rate of hr HPV infection with inconsistent genotype distribution shows that it is a growing public health challenge in sub-Saharan African countries. Therefore, to implement a vaccination-based prevention strategy and be effective, considering factors associated with hr HPV infection is crucial. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9304908 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93049082022-07-23 Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Sub-Saharan African Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Seyoum, Ayichew Assefa, Nega Gure, Tadesse Seyoum, Berhanu Mulu, Andargachew Mihret, Adane Front Public Health Public Health BACKGROUND: Among sub-Saharan African women, cervical cancer is steadily increasing with more than 75,000 new cases and 50,000 deaths annually. Due to the vast ethno geography variation, Africa harbors heterogeneous genotypes of HPV. High-risk HPV [hr HPV] genotypes such as hr HPV-16,−18,-35, and−52 are abundantly reported in sub-Saharan Africa. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to generate an evidence on the prevalence and the genotype distribution of hr HPV among sub-Saharan African countries. METHODS: The review was conducted by following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and Meta-analysis. PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, Heath Technology assessment and Cochrane Library databases were used to retrieve published original studies between 2001 and 2021. It included studies that used PCR-based or hybrid testing to assess the presence of HPV DNA in a cervical biopsy, cervical swelling, and vaginal swelling. Statistical software for data science (STATA V16) software using a random-effects model was used to determine the pooled prevalence and type-specific distribution of HPV with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The I-squared statistic was used to describe the level of heterogeneity. The study protocol is registered on PROSPERO with reference number CRD42022311157. RESULTS: The review included 27 studies conducted in 19 sub-Saharan countries. A total of 16,506 study participants from 27 studies were included in a systematic review and 5,303 of them were infected with the hr HPV infection. Out these, only 3,075 of them were eligible for meta-analysis. The incidence proportion of estimatesof hr HPV infection among study participants with different health conditions ranges from 10.7 to 97.2% while the pooled incidence proportion of estimates is 34% (95%CI: 29–39). Among 3,075 women, 424 (13.8%), 305 (9.9%) and 279 (9%) were infected with HPV-16,−52 and−18, respectively. HPV-16 and−52 are the main genotypes causing the hr HPV infection in the Eastern and Southern African sub-contents, whereas HPV-16 and−35 are the main genotypes in the Western African countries. CONCLUSIONS: Depending on several factors, especially women's health conditions, the high rate of hr HPV infection with inconsistent genotype distribution shows that it is a growing public health challenge in sub-Saharan African countries. Therefore, to implement a vaccination-based prevention strategy and be effective, considering factors associated with hr HPV infection is crucial. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9304908/ /pubmed/35875040 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.890880 Text en Copyright © 2022 Seyoum, Assefa, Gure, Seyoum, Mulu and Mihret. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Public Health Seyoum, Ayichew Assefa, Nega Gure, Tadesse Seyoum, Berhanu Mulu, Andargachew Mihret, Adane Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Sub-Saharan African Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title | Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Sub-Saharan African Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_full | Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Sub-Saharan African Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_fullStr | Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Sub-Saharan African Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Sub-Saharan African Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_short | Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Sub-Saharan African Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_sort | prevalence and genotype distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus infection among sub-saharan african women: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
topic | Public Health |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9304908/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35875040 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.890880 |
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