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Quantifying the effect of shade on cuticle morphology and carbon isotopes of sycamores: present and past

PREMISE: Reconstructing the light environment and architecture of the plant canopy from the fossil record requires the use of proxies, such as those derived from cell wall undulation, cell size, and carbon isotopes. All approaches assume that plant taxa will respond predictably to changes in light e...

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Autores principales: Milligan, Joseph N., Flynn, Andrew G., Wagner, Jennifer D., Kouwenberg, Lenny L.R., Barclay, Richard S., Byars, Bruce W., Dunn, Regan E., White, Joseph D., Zechmann, Bernd, Peppe, Daniel J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9306692/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34636420
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1772
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author Milligan, Joseph N.
Flynn, Andrew G.
Wagner, Jennifer D.
Kouwenberg, Lenny L.R.
Barclay, Richard S.
Byars, Bruce W.
Dunn, Regan E.
White, Joseph D.
Zechmann, Bernd
Peppe, Daniel J.
author_facet Milligan, Joseph N.
Flynn, Andrew G.
Wagner, Jennifer D.
Kouwenberg, Lenny L.R.
Barclay, Richard S.
Byars, Bruce W.
Dunn, Regan E.
White, Joseph D.
Zechmann, Bernd
Peppe, Daniel J.
author_sort Milligan, Joseph N.
collection PubMed
description PREMISE: Reconstructing the light environment and architecture of the plant canopy from the fossil record requires the use of proxies, such as those derived from cell wall undulation, cell size, and carbon isotopes. All approaches assume that plant taxa will respond predictably to changes in light environments. However, most species‐level studies looking at cell wall undulation only consider “sun” or “shade” leaves; therefore, we need a fully quantitative taxon‐specific method. METHODS: We quantified the response of cell wall undulation, cell size, and carbon isotopes of Platanus occidentalis using two experimental setups: (1) two growth chambers at low and high light and (2) a series of outdoor growth experiments using green and black shade cloth at different densities. We then developed and applied a proxy for daily light integral (DLI) to fossil Platanites leaves from two early Paleocene floras from the San Juan Basin in New Mexico. RESULTS: All traits responded to light environment. Cell wall undulation was the most useful trait for reconstructing DLI in the geological record. Median reconstructed DLI from early Paleocene leaves was ~44 mol m(−2) d(−1), with values from 28 to 54 mol m(−2) d(−1). CONCLUSIONS: Cell wall undulation of P. occidentalis is a robust, quantifiable measurement of light environment that can be used to reconstruct the paleo‐light environment from fossil leaves. The distribution of high DLI values from fossil leaves may provide information on canopy architecture; indicating that either (1) most of the canopy mass is within the upper portion of the crown or (2) leaves exposed to more sunlight are preferentially preserved.
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spelling pubmed-93066922022-07-28 Quantifying the effect of shade on cuticle morphology and carbon isotopes of sycamores: present and past Milligan, Joseph N. Flynn, Andrew G. Wagner, Jennifer D. Kouwenberg, Lenny L.R. Barclay, Richard S. Byars, Bruce W. Dunn, Regan E. White, Joseph D. Zechmann, Bernd Peppe, Daniel J. Am J Bot Research Articles PREMISE: Reconstructing the light environment and architecture of the plant canopy from the fossil record requires the use of proxies, such as those derived from cell wall undulation, cell size, and carbon isotopes. All approaches assume that plant taxa will respond predictably to changes in light environments. However, most species‐level studies looking at cell wall undulation only consider “sun” or “shade” leaves; therefore, we need a fully quantitative taxon‐specific method. METHODS: We quantified the response of cell wall undulation, cell size, and carbon isotopes of Platanus occidentalis using two experimental setups: (1) two growth chambers at low and high light and (2) a series of outdoor growth experiments using green and black shade cloth at different densities. We then developed and applied a proxy for daily light integral (DLI) to fossil Platanites leaves from two early Paleocene floras from the San Juan Basin in New Mexico. RESULTS: All traits responded to light environment. Cell wall undulation was the most useful trait for reconstructing DLI in the geological record. Median reconstructed DLI from early Paleocene leaves was ~44 mol m(−2) d(−1), with values from 28 to 54 mol m(−2) d(−1). CONCLUSIONS: Cell wall undulation of P. occidentalis is a robust, quantifiable measurement of light environment that can be used to reconstruct the paleo‐light environment from fossil leaves. The distribution of high DLI values from fossil leaves may provide information on canopy architecture; indicating that either (1) most of the canopy mass is within the upper portion of the crown or (2) leaves exposed to more sunlight are preferentially preserved. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-12-31 2021-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9306692/ /pubmed/34636420 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1772 Text en © 2021 The Authors. American Journal of Botany published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Botanical Society of America. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Articles
Milligan, Joseph N.
Flynn, Andrew G.
Wagner, Jennifer D.
Kouwenberg, Lenny L.R.
Barclay, Richard S.
Byars, Bruce W.
Dunn, Regan E.
White, Joseph D.
Zechmann, Bernd
Peppe, Daniel J.
Quantifying the effect of shade on cuticle morphology and carbon isotopes of sycamores: present and past
title Quantifying the effect of shade on cuticle morphology and carbon isotopes of sycamores: present and past
title_full Quantifying the effect of shade on cuticle morphology and carbon isotopes of sycamores: present and past
title_fullStr Quantifying the effect of shade on cuticle morphology and carbon isotopes of sycamores: present and past
title_full_unstemmed Quantifying the effect of shade on cuticle morphology and carbon isotopes of sycamores: present and past
title_short Quantifying the effect of shade on cuticle morphology and carbon isotopes of sycamores: present and past
title_sort quantifying the effect of shade on cuticle morphology and carbon isotopes of sycamores: present and past
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9306692/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34636420
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1772
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