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Gut microbiome changes in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis patients
BACKGROUND: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a type of autoimmune encephalitis. The underlying mechanism(s) remain largely unknown. Recent evidence has indicated that the gut microbiome may be involved in neurological immune diseases via the "gut-brain axis". This...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9310403/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35879681 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12883-022-02804-0 |
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author | Wei, Jingya Zhang, Xiao Yang, Fang Shi, Xiaodan Wang, Xuan Chen, Rong Du, Fang Shi, Ming Jiang, Wen |
author_facet | Wei, Jingya Zhang, Xiao Yang, Fang Shi, Xiaodan Wang, Xuan Chen, Rong Du, Fang Shi, Ming Jiang, Wen |
author_sort | Wei, Jingya |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a type of autoimmune encephalitis. The underlying mechanism(s) remain largely unknown. Recent evidence has indicated that the gut microbiome may be involved in neurological immune diseases via the "gut-brain axis". This study aimed to explore the possible relationship between anti-NMDAR encephalitis and the gut microbiome. METHODS: Fecal specimens were collected from 10 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and 10 healthy volunteers. The microbiome analysis was based on Illumina sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. The alpha, beta, and taxonomic diversity analyses were mainly based on the QIIME2 pipeline. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences in epidemiology, medication, and clinical characteristics (except for those related to anti-NMDAR encephalitis) between the two groups. ASV analysis showed that Prevotella was significantly increased, while Bacteroides was reduced in the gut microbiota of the patients, compared with the controls. Alpha diversity results showed a decrease in diversity in the patients compared with the healthy controls, analyzed by the Shannon diversity, Simpson diversity, and Pielou_E uniformity based on the Kruskal–Wallis test (P = 0.0342, 0.0040, and 0.0002, respectively). Beta diversity analysis showed that the abundance and composition of the gut microbiota was significantly different between the two groups, analyzed by weighted and unweighted UniFrac distance (P = 0.005 and 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The abundance and evenness of bacterial distribution were significantly lower and jeopardized in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis than in healthy controls. Thus, our findings suggest that gut microbiome composition changes might be associated with the anti-NMDAR encephalitis. It could be a causal agent, or a consequence. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9310403 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93104032022-07-26 Gut microbiome changes in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis patients Wei, Jingya Zhang, Xiao Yang, Fang Shi, Xiaodan Wang, Xuan Chen, Rong Du, Fang Shi, Ming Jiang, Wen BMC Neurol Research BACKGROUND: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a type of autoimmune encephalitis. The underlying mechanism(s) remain largely unknown. Recent evidence has indicated that the gut microbiome may be involved in neurological immune diseases via the "gut-brain axis". This study aimed to explore the possible relationship between anti-NMDAR encephalitis and the gut microbiome. METHODS: Fecal specimens were collected from 10 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and 10 healthy volunteers. The microbiome analysis was based on Illumina sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. The alpha, beta, and taxonomic diversity analyses were mainly based on the QIIME2 pipeline. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences in epidemiology, medication, and clinical characteristics (except for those related to anti-NMDAR encephalitis) between the two groups. ASV analysis showed that Prevotella was significantly increased, while Bacteroides was reduced in the gut microbiota of the patients, compared with the controls. Alpha diversity results showed a decrease in diversity in the patients compared with the healthy controls, analyzed by the Shannon diversity, Simpson diversity, and Pielou_E uniformity based on the Kruskal–Wallis test (P = 0.0342, 0.0040, and 0.0002, respectively). Beta diversity analysis showed that the abundance and composition of the gut microbiota was significantly different between the two groups, analyzed by weighted and unweighted UniFrac distance (P = 0.005 and 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The abundance and evenness of bacterial distribution were significantly lower and jeopardized in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis than in healthy controls. Thus, our findings suggest that gut microbiome composition changes might be associated with the anti-NMDAR encephalitis. It could be a causal agent, or a consequence. BioMed Central 2022-07-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9310403/ /pubmed/35879681 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12883-022-02804-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Wei, Jingya Zhang, Xiao Yang, Fang Shi, Xiaodan Wang, Xuan Chen, Rong Du, Fang Shi, Ming Jiang, Wen Gut microbiome changes in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis patients |
title | Gut microbiome changes in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis patients |
title_full | Gut microbiome changes in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis patients |
title_fullStr | Gut microbiome changes in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis patients |
title_full_unstemmed | Gut microbiome changes in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis patients |
title_short | Gut microbiome changes in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis patients |
title_sort | gut microbiome changes in anti-n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis patients |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9310403/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35879681 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12883-022-02804-0 |
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