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Prevalence and correlates of self-stigma in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
BACKGROUND: Self-stigma refers to the internalisation of negative societal views and stereotypes. Self-stigma has been well-characterised in the context of mental disorders such as schizophrenia but has received little attention in relation to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). OBJECTIVE: This w...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Taylor & Francis
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9310800/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35898808 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2022.2087967 |
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author | Lewis, Catrin Zammit, Stan Jones, Ian Bisson, Jonathan I. |
author_facet | Lewis, Catrin Zammit, Stan Jones, Ian Bisson, Jonathan I. |
author_sort | Lewis, Catrin |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Self-stigma refers to the internalisation of negative societal views and stereotypes. Self-stigma has been well-characterised in the context of mental disorders such as schizophrenia but has received little attention in relation to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to determine the prevalence of self-stigma in a sample of adults with PTSD and to establish factors associated with the internalisation of stigma in this population. METHOD: Participants were 194 adults (mean age 46.07 (SD = 12.39); 64.4% female; 96.6% white Caucasian; residing in the UK), who self-reported a diagnosis of PTSD and currently screened positive for the disorder according to the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Structured interviews and validated self-report questionnaires were used to ascertain clinical and sociodemographic information for analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of self-stigma measured by the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMIS) was 41.2% (95% CI 34.24–48.22). There was no evidence of an association between self-stigma and gender (β = −2.975 (95% CI −7.046–1.097) p = .151), age (β = 0.007 (95% CI −0.152–0.165) p = .953), sexual trauma (β = 0.904 (95% CI −3.668–5.476) p = .697), military trauma (β = −0.571 (95% CI −4.027–7.287) p = .571). Self-stigma was associated with lower income and higher levels of anxiety (β = 5.722 (95% CI 2.922–8.522) p = <.001), depression (β = 6.937 (95% CI 4.287–9.588) p = <.000), and traumatic stress symptoms (β = 3.880 (95% CI 1.401–6.359) p = .002). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that self-stigma may be a significant issue among people with a diagnosis of PTSD. Further work is needed to understand the long-term impact and to develop interventions to address the internalisation of stigma in this population. HIGHLIGHTS: The prevalence of self-stigma among a sample of participants with PTSD was 41.2%. There was no evidence of an association between self-stigma and gender, age or sexual / military trauma. Self-stigma was associated with lower income and higher levels of anxiety, depression, and traumatic stress symptoms. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9310800 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Taylor & Francis |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93108002022-07-26 Prevalence and correlates of self-stigma in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Lewis, Catrin Zammit, Stan Jones, Ian Bisson, Jonathan I. Eur J Psychotraumatol Basic Research Article BACKGROUND: Self-stigma refers to the internalisation of negative societal views and stereotypes. Self-stigma has been well-characterised in the context of mental disorders such as schizophrenia but has received little attention in relation to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to determine the prevalence of self-stigma in a sample of adults with PTSD and to establish factors associated with the internalisation of stigma in this population. METHOD: Participants were 194 adults (mean age 46.07 (SD = 12.39); 64.4% female; 96.6% white Caucasian; residing in the UK), who self-reported a diagnosis of PTSD and currently screened positive for the disorder according to the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Structured interviews and validated self-report questionnaires were used to ascertain clinical and sociodemographic information for analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of self-stigma measured by the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMIS) was 41.2% (95% CI 34.24–48.22). There was no evidence of an association between self-stigma and gender (β = −2.975 (95% CI −7.046–1.097) p = .151), age (β = 0.007 (95% CI −0.152–0.165) p = .953), sexual trauma (β = 0.904 (95% CI −3.668–5.476) p = .697), military trauma (β = −0.571 (95% CI −4.027–7.287) p = .571). Self-stigma was associated with lower income and higher levels of anxiety (β = 5.722 (95% CI 2.922–8.522) p = <.001), depression (β = 6.937 (95% CI 4.287–9.588) p = <.000), and traumatic stress symptoms (β = 3.880 (95% CI 1.401–6.359) p = .002). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that self-stigma may be a significant issue among people with a diagnosis of PTSD. Further work is needed to understand the long-term impact and to develop interventions to address the internalisation of stigma in this population. HIGHLIGHTS: The prevalence of self-stigma among a sample of participants with PTSD was 41.2%. There was no evidence of an association between self-stigma and gender, age or sexual / military trauma. Self-stigma was associated with lower income and higher levels of anxiety, depression, and traumatic stress symptoms. Taylor & Francis 2022-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9310800/ /pubmed/35898808 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2022.2087967 Text en © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Basic Research Article Lewis, Catrin Zammit, Stan Jones, Ian Bisson, Jonathan I. Prevalence and correlates of self-stigma in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) |
title | Prevalence and correlates of self-stigma in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) |
title_full | Prevalence and correlates of self-stigma in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) |
title_fullStr | Prevalence and correlates of self-stigma in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) |
title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and correlates of self-stigma in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) |
title_short | Prevalence and correlates of self-stigma in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) |
title_sort | prevalence and correlates of self-stigma in post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) |
topic | Basic Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9310800/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35898808 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2022.2087967 |
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