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Prevalence and correlates of self-stigma in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

BACKGROUND: Self-stigma refers to the internalisation of negative societal views and stereotypes. Self-stigma has been well-characterised in the context of mental disorders such as schizophrenia but has received little attention in relation to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). OBJECTIVE: This w...

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Autores principales: Lewis, Catrin, Zammit, Stan, Jones, Ian, Bisson, Jonathan I.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Taylor & Francis 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9310800/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35898808
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2022.2087967
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author Lewis, Catrin
Zammit, Stan
Jones, Ian
Bisson, Jonathan I.
author_facet Lewis, Catrin
Zammit, Stan
Jones, Ian
Bisson, Jonathan I.
author_sort Lewis, Catrin
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Self-stigma refers to the internalisation of negative societal views and stereotypes. Self-stigma has been well-characterised in the context of mental disorders such as schizophrenia but has received little attention in relation to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to determine the prevalence of self-stigma in a sample of adults with PTSD and to establish factors associated with the internalisation of stigma in this population. METHOD: Participants were 194 adults (mean age 46.07 (SD = 12.39); 64.4% female; 96.6% white Caucasian; residing in the UK), who self-reported a diagnosis of PTSD and currently screened positive for the disorder according to the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Structured interviews and validated self-report questionnaires were used to ascertain clinical and sociodemographic information for analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of self-stigma measured by the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMIS) was 41.2% (95% CI 34.24–48.22). There was no evidence of an association between self-stigma and gender (β = −2.975 (95% CI −7.046–1.097) p = .151), age (β = 0.007 (95% CI −0.152–0.165) p = .953), sexual trauma (β = 0.904 (95% CI −3.668–5.476) p = .697), military trauma (β = −0.571 (95% CI −4.027–7.287) p = .571). Self-stigma was associated with lower income and higher levels of anxiety (β = 5.722 (95% CI 2.922–8.522) p = <.001), depression (β = 6.937 (95% CI 4.287–9.588) p = <.000), and traumatic stress symptoms (β = 3.880 (95% CI 1.401–6.359) p = .002). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that self-stigma may be a significant issue among people with a diagnosis of PTSD. Further work is needed to understand the long-term impact and to develop interventions to address the internalisation of stigma in this population. HIGHLIGHTS: The prevalence of self-stigma among a sample of participants with PTSD was 41.2%. There was no evidence of an association between self-stigma and gender, age or sexual / military trauma. Self-stigma was associated with lower income and higher levels of anxiety, depression, and traumatic stress symptoms.
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spelling pubmed-93108002022-07-26 Prevalence and correlates of self-stigma in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Lewis, Catrin Zammit, Stan Jones, Ian Bisson, Jonathan I. Eur J Psychotraumatol Basic Research Article BACKGROUND: Self-stigma refers to the internalisation of negative societal views and stereotypes. Self-stigma has been well-characterised in the context of mental disorders such as schizophrenia but has received little attention in relation to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to determine the prevalence of self-stigma in a sample of adults with PTSD and to establish factors associated with the internalisation of stigma in this population. METHOD: Participants were 194 adults (mean age 46.07 (SD = 12.39); 64.4% female; 96.6% white Caucasian; residing in the UK), who self-reported a diagnosis of PTSD and currently screened positive for the disorder according to the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Structured interviews and validated self-report questionnaires were used to ascertain clinical and sociodemographic information for analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of self-stigma measured by the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMIS) was 41.2% (95% CI 34.24–48.22). There was no evidence of an association between self-stigma and gender (β = −2.975 (95% CI −7.046–1.097) p = .151), age (β = 0.007 (95% CI −0.152–0.165) p = .953), sexual trauma (β = 0.904 (95% CI −3.668–5.476) p = .697), military trauma (β = −0.571 (95% CI −4.027–7.287) p = .571). Self-stigma was associated with lower income and higher levels of anxiety (β = 5.722 (95% CI 2.922–8.522) p = <.001), depression (β = 6.937 (95% CI 4.287–9.588) p = <.000), and traumatic stress symptoms (β = 3.880 (95% CI 1.401–6.359) p = .002). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that self-stigma may be a significant issue among people with a diagnosis of PTSD. Further work is needed to understand the long-term impact and to develop interventions to address the internalisation of stigma in this population. HIGHLIGHTS: The prevalence of self-stigma among a sample of participants with PTSD was 41.2%. There was no evidence of an association between self-stigma and gender, age or sexual / military trauma. Self-stigma was associated with lower income and higher levels of anxiety, depression, and traumatic stress symptoms. Taylor & Francis 2022-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9310800/ /pubmed/35898808 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2022.2087967 Text en © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Basic Research Article
Lewis, Catrin
Zammit, Stan
Jones, Ian
Bisson, Jonathan I.
Prevalence and correlates of self-stigma in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
title Prevalence and correlates of self-stigma in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
title_full Prevalence and correlates of self-stigma in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
title_fullStr Prevalence and correlates of self-stigma in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and correlates of self-stigma in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
title_short Prevalence and correlates of self-stigma in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
title_sort prevalence and correlates of self-stigma in post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd)
topic Basic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9310800/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35898808
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2022.2087967
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