Cryopreservation of Sperm from an Endangered Snake with Tests of Post-Thaw Incubation in Caffeine

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Cryopreservation of sperm from reptiles to aid the recovery of endangered species continues to be a challenge. In this study, we tested the cryoperformance of a cryoprotective agent (CPA) mixture to cryopreserve sperm from the endangered Louisiana pinesnake (Pituophis ruthveni). The mixture contained Lake’s buffer with 10% N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), 2% methanol, 5% clarified egg yolk, (v/v% final concentration) and was tested against 16 experimental mixtures containing variable concentrations and mixtures of diluents, extenders, CPAs, and additives. In addition, we investigated the effects of post-thaw incubation on sperm motility in TL HEPES supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (H10) alone or supplemented with caffeine. We found that the majority of our test additives did not significantly improve the post-thaw motility or viability of sperm. The best performing experimental CPA mixture contained Lake’s buffer with 10% DMF, 2% methanol, and 5% clarified egg yolk with the addition of 5 mg/mL bovine serum albumin (BSA), and post-thaw incubation in both H10 and H10 with caffeine showed improved forward motility. Cryopreservation of sperm from the Louisiana pinesnake improved with the addition of BSA to our base CPA mixture, and post-thaw incubation in H10 improved with caffeine. ABSTRACT: Cryopreservation of sperm to preserve the genetic diversity of declining populations is a promising technique to aid in the recovery of endangered species such as the Louisiana pinesnake (Pituophis ruthveni). However, this technique has been performed on only a handful of snake species and with limited success. Here, we tested a cryoprotective agent (CPA) mixture containing Lake’s buffer with 10% N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), 2% methanol, 5% clarified egg yolk, (v/v% final concentration) against 16 other CPA-treatment mixtures. These contained either Lake’s buffer or TEST egg yolk buffer as the base diluent with a penetrating or non-penetrating CPA on the post-thaw recovery of sperm motility and viability. We also investigated the effect of post-thaw incubation treatment in TL HEPES supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (H10) alone or with caffeine on post-thaw motility parameters. Sperm from 16 Louisiana pinesnakes was cryopreserved, and the effectiveness of the CPA treatment mixtures and post-thaw treatments was determined based on measurements of sperm motility and viability. Sperm cryopreservation significantly reduced initial post-thaw sperm quality for all of the extender treatments. Viability of sperm was best maintained when cryopreserved in an CPA treatment mixture containing Lake’s buffer with 10% DMF, 2% methanol, and 5% clarified egg yolk with the addition of 5 mg/mL bovine serum albumin (BSA). For several extender mixtures a similar percent of post-thaw motility was observed, but no forward motility returned in any post-thaw samples prior to incubation in dilution treatments. Following incubation in both post-thaw treatments, the percent of forward motility and the index of forward progressive movement improved significantly. Post-thaw dilution with H10 containing caffeine improved motility parameters over H10 alone, suggesting further investigation of post-thaw treatment in caffeine could be beneficial. Although, cryopreservation of sperm from the Louisiana pinesnake continues to present a challenge, post-thaw dilution and the addition of BSA to CPA mixtures provides areas for improving cryopreservation methods for this endangered species.