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Antibiofilm Activity of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Its Influence on the Expression of Biofilm Formation Genes on Staphylococcus aureus
Background: Currently, 1–2% of all prosthetic joint surgeries are followed by an infection. These infections cause approximately 4% of deaths in the first year after surgery, while the 5-year mortality rate is up to 21%. Prosthetic joint infections are mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Staph...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9311851/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35884185 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11070932 |
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author | Spiegel, Christopher Steixner, Stephan Josef Maria Coraça-Huber, Débora C. |
author_facet | Spiegel, Christopher Steixner, Stephan Josef Maria Coraça-Huber, Débora C. |
author_sort | Spiegel, Christopher |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Currently, 1–2% of all prosthetic joint surgeries are followed by an infection. These infections cause approximately 4% of deaths in the first year after surgery, while the 5-year mortality rate is up to 21%. Prosthetic joint infections are mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermis strains. Both species share the capability of biofilm formation and methicillin resistance. The formation of biofilm helps bacterial cells to withstand critical environmental conditions. Due to their tolerance against antibacterial substances, biofilms are a significant problem in modern medicine. Alternatives for the use of methicillin as a therapeutic are not yet widespread. The use of omega-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid, may help against prosthetic joint infections and lower mortality rates. The aim of this study is to evaluate if docosahexaenoic acid offers a safe anti-biofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA without enhancing icaADBC-dependent biofilm formation or additional stress responses, therefore enhancing antibiotic tolerance and resistance. Methods: In this study, we examined the gene expression of biofilm-associated genes and regulators. We performed RT-qPCR after RNA extraction of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and one clinical MRSA strain. We compared gene expression of icaADBC, SarA, SigB, and agrAC under the influence of 1.25 mg /L and 0.625 mg/L of docosahexaenoic acid to their controls. Results: We found a higher expression of regulatory genes such as SarA, SigB, agrA, and agrC at 1.25 mg/L of docosahexaenoic acid in ATCC 29213 and a lower increase in gene expression levels in clinical MRSA isolates. icaADBC was not affected in both strains at both concentration levels by docosahexaenoic acid. Conclusions: Docosahexaenoic acid does not enhance icaADBC-dependent biofilm formation while still reducing bacterial CFU in biofilms. Docosahexaenoic acid can be considered an option as a therapeutic substance against biofilm formation and may be a good alternative in reducing the risk of MRSA formation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9311851 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93118512022-07-26 Antibiofilm Activity of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Its Influence on the Expression of Biofilm Formation Genes on Staphylococcus aureus Spiegel, Christopher Steixner, Stephan Josef Maria Coraça-Huber, Débora C. Antibiotics (Basel) Article Background: Currently, 1–2% of all prosthetic joint surgeries are followed by an infection. These infections cause approximately 4% of deaths in the first year after surgery, while the 5-year mortality rate is up to 21%. Prosthetic joint infections are mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermis strains. Both species share the capability of biofilm formation and methicillin resistance. The formation of biofilm helps bacterial cells to withstand critical environmental conditions. Due to their tolerance against antibacterial substances, biofilms are a significant problem in modern medicine. Alternatives for the use of methicillin as a therapeutic are not yet widespread. The use of omega-3 fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid, may help against prosthetic joint infections and lower mortality rates. The aim of this study is to evaluate if docosahexaenoic acid offers a safe anti-biofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA without enhancing icaADBC-dependent biofilm formation or additional stress responses, therefore enhancing antibiotic tolerance and resistance. Methods: In this study, we examined the gene expression of biofilm-associated genes and regulators. We performed RT-qPCR after RNA extraction of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and one clinical MRSA strain. We compared gene expression of icaADBC, SarA, SigB, and agrAC under the influence of 1.25 mg /L and 0.625 mg/L of docosahexaenoic acid to their controls. Results: We found a higher expression of regulatory genes such as SarA, SigB, agrA, and agrC at 1.25 mg/L of docosahexaenoic acid in ATCC 29213 and a lower increase in gene expression levels in clinical MRSA isolates. icaADBC was not affected in both strains at both concentration levels by docosahexaenoic acid. Conclusions: Docosahexaenoic acid does not enhance icaADBC-dependent biofilm formation while still reducing bacterial CFU in biofilms. Docosahexaenoic acid can be considered an option as a therapeutic substance against biofilm formation and may be a good alternative in reducing the risk of MRSA formation. MDPI 2022-07-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9311851/ /pubmed/35884185 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11070932 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Spiegel, Christopher Steixner, Stephan Josef Maria Coraça-Huber, Débora C. Antibiofilm Activity of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Its Influence on the Expression of Biofilm Formation Genes on Staphylococcus aureus |
title | Antibiofilm Activity of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Its Influence on the Expression of Biofilm Formation Genes on Staphylococcus aureus |
title_full | Antibiofilm Activity of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Its Influence on the Expression of Biofilm Formation Genes on Staphylococcus aureus |
title_fullStr | Antibiofilm Activity of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Its Influence on the Expression of Biofilm Formation Genes on Staphylococcus aureus |
title_full_unstemmed | Antibiofilm Activity of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Its Influence on the Expression of Biofilm Formation Genes on Staphylococcus aureus |
title_short | Antibiofilm Activity of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Its Influence on the Expression of Biofilm Formation Genes on Staphylococcus aureus |
title_sort | antibiofilm activity of omega-3 fatty acids and its influence on the expression of biofilm formation genes on staphylococcus aureus |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9311851/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35884185 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11070932 |
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