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Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater in Japan: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) circulates through humans, animals, and the environments, requiring a One Health approach. Recently, urban sewage has increasingly been suggested as a hotspot for AMR even in high-income countries (HICs), where the water sanitation and hygiene infrastructure are well-d...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9312076/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35884103 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11070849 |
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author | Baba, Hiroaki Nishiyama, Masateru Watanabe, Toru Kanamori, Hajime |
author_facet | Baba, Hiroaki Nishiyama, Masateru Watanabe, Toru Kanamori, Hajime |
author_sort | Baba, Hiroaki |
collection | PubMed |
description | Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) circulates through humans, animals, and the environments, requiring a One Health approach. Recently, urban sewage has increasingly been suggested as a hotspot for AMR even in high-income countries (HICs), where the water sanitation and hygiene infrastructure are well-developed. To understand the current status of AMR in wastewater in a HIC, we reviewed the epidemiological studies on AMR in the sewage environment in Japan from the published literature. Our review showed that a wide variety of clinically important antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and antimicrobial residues are present in human wastewater in Japan. Their concentrations are lower than in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and are further reduced by sewage treatment plants (STPs) before discharge. Nevertheless, the remaining ARB and ARGs could be an important source of AMR contamination in river water. Furthermore, hospital effluence may be an important reservoir of clinically important ARB. The high concentration of antimicrobial agents commonly prescribed in Japan may contribute to the selection and dissemination of AMR within wastewater. Our review shows the importance of both monitoring for AMR and antimicrobials in human wastewater and efforts to reduce their contamination load in wastewater. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9312076 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93120762022-07-26 Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater in Japan: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives Baba, Hiroaki Nishiyama, Masateru Watanabe, Toru Kanamori, Hajime Antibiotics (Basel) Review Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) circulates through humans, animals, and the environments, requiring a One Health approach. Recently, urban sewage has increasingly been suggested as a hotspot for AMR even in high-income countries (HICs), where the water sanitation and hygiene infrastructure are well-developed. To understand the current status of AMR in wastewater in a HIC, we reviewed the epidemiological studies on AMR in the sewage environment in Japan from the published literature. Our review showed that a wide variety of clinically important antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and antimicrobial residues are present in human wastewater in Japan. Their concentrations are lower than in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and are further reduced by sewage treatment plants (STPs) before discharge. Nevertheless, the remaining ARB and ARGs could be an important source of AMR contamination in river water. Furthermore, hospital effluence may be an important reservoir of clinically important ARB. The high concentration of antimicrobial agents commonly prescribed in Japan may contribute to the selection and dissemination of AMR within wastewater. Our review shows the importance of both monitoring for AMR and antimicrobials in human wastewater and efforts to reduce their contamination load in wastewater. MDPI 2022-06-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9312076/ /pubmed/35884103 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11070849 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Baba, Hiroaki Nishiyama, Masateru Watanabe, Toru Kanamori, Hajime Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater in Japan: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives |
title | Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater in Japan: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives |
title_full | Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater in Japan: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives |
title_fullStr | Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater in Japan: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives |
title_full_unstemmed | Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater in Japan: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives |
title_short | Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater in Japan: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives |
title_sort | review of antimicrobial resistance in wastewater in japan: current challenges and future perspectives |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9312076/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35884103 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11070849 |
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