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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Rheumatic Diseases

Background: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multi-functional organelle responsible for cellular homeostasis, protein synthesis, folding and secretion. It has been increasingly recognized that the loss of ER homeostasis plays a central role in the development of autoimmune inflammatory disorders,...

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Autores principales: Miglioranza Scavuzzi, Bruna, Holoshitz, Joseph
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9312221/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35883795
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071306
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author Miglioranza Scavuzzi, Bruna
Holoshitz, Joseph
author_facet Miglioranza Scavuzzi, Bruna
Holoshitz, Joseph
author_sort Miglioranza Scavuzzi, Bruna
collection PubMed
description Background: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multi-functional organelle responsible for cellular homeostasis, protein synthesis, folding and secretion. It has been increasingly recognized that the loss of ER homeostasis plays a central role in the development of autoimmune inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatic diseases. Purpose/Main contents: Here, we review current knowledge of the contribution of ER stress to the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases, with a focus on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We also review the interplay between protein folding and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), where ER stress induces oxidative stress (OS), which further aggravates the accumulation of misfolded proteins and oxidation, in a vicious cycle. Intervention studies targeting ER stress and oxidative stress in the context of rheumatic diseases are also reviewed. Conclusions: Loss of ER homeostasis is a significant factor in the pathogeneses of RA and SLE. Targeting ER stress, unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways and oxidative stress in these diseases both in vitro and in animal models have shown promising results and deserve further investigation.
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spelling pubmed-93122212022-07-26 Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Rheumatic Diseases Miglioranza Scavuzzi, Bruna Holoshitz, Joseph Antioxidants (Basel) Review Background: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multi-functional organelle responsible for cellular homeostasis, protein synthesis, folding and secretion. It has been increasingly recognized that the loss of ER homeostasis plays a central role in the development of autoimmune inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatic diseases. Purpose/Main contents: Here, we review current knowledge of the contribution of ER stress to the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases, with a focus on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We also review the interplay between protein folding and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), where ER stress induces oxidative stress (OS), which further aggravates the accumulation of misfolded proteins and oxidation, in a vicious cycle. Intervention studies targeting ER stress and oxidative stress in the context of rheumatic diseases are also reviewed. Conclusions: Loss of ER homeostasis is a significant factor in the pathogeneses of RA and SLE. Targeting ER stress, unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways and oxidative stress in these diseases both in vitro and in animal models have shown promising results and deserve further investigation. MDPI 2022-06-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9312221/ /pubmed/35883795 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071306 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Miglioranza Scavuzzi, Bruna
Holoshitz, Joseph
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Rheumatic Diseases
title Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Rheumatic Diseases
title_full Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Rheumatic Diseases
title_fullStr Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Rheumatic Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Rheumatic Diseases
title_short Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Rheumatic Diseases
title_sort endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and rheumatic diseases
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9312221/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35883795
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071306
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