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Swimming behavior and hydrodynamics of the Chinese cavefish Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous and a possible role of its head horn structure

The blind troglobite cavefish Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous lives in oligotrophic, phreatic subterranean waters and possesses a unique cranial morphology including a pronounced supra-occipital horn. We used a combined approach of laboratory observations and Computational Fluid Dynamics modeling to ch...

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Autores principales: Lei, Fakai, Xu, Mengzhen, Ji, Ziqing, Rose, Kenneth Alan, Zakirov, Vadim, Bisset, Mike
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9312365/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35877693
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270967
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author Lei, Fakai
Xu, Mengzhen
Ji, Ziqing
Rose, Kenneth Alan
Zakirov, Vadim
Bisset, Mike
author_facet Lei, Fakai
Xu, Mengzhen
Ji, Ziqing
Rose, Kenneth Alan
Zakirov, Vadim
Bisset, Mike
author_sort Lei, Fakai
collection PubMed
description The blind troglobite cavefish Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous lives in oligotrophic, phreatic subterranean waters and possesses a unique cranial morphology including a pronounced supra-occipital horn. We used a combined approach of laboratory observations and Computational Fluid Dynamics modeling to characterize the swimming behavior and other hydrodynamic aspects, i.e., drag coefficients and lateral line sensing distance of S. rhinocerous. Motion capture and tracking based on an Artificial Neural Network, complemented by a Particle Image Velocimetry system to map out water velocity fields, were utilized to analyze the motion of a live specimen in a laboratory aquarium. Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations on flow fields and pressure fields, based on digital models of S. rhinocerous, were also performed. These simulations were compared to analogous simulations employing models of the sympatric, large-eyed troglophile cavefish S. angustiporus. Features of the cavefish swimming behavior deduced from the both live-specimen experiments and simulations included average swimming velocities and three dimensional trajectories, estimates for drag coefficients and potential lateral line sensing distances, and mapping of the flow field around the fish. As expected, typical S. rhinocerous swimming speeds were relatively slow. The lateral line sensing distance was approximately 0.25 body lengths, which may explain the observation that specimen introduced to a new environment tend to swim parallel and near to the walls. Three-dimensional simulations demonstrate that just upstream from the region under the supra-occipital horn the equipotential of the water pressure and velocity fields are nearly vertical. Results support the hypothesis that the conspicuous cranial horn of S. rhinocerous may lead to greater stimulus of the lateral line compared to fish that do not possess such morphology.
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spelling pubmed-93123652022-07-26 Swimming behavior and hydrodynamics of the Chinese cavefish Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous and a possible role of its head horn structure Lei, Fakai Xu, Mengzhen Ji, Ziqing Rose, Kenneth Alan Zakirov, Vadim Bisset, Mike PLoS One Research Article The blind troglobite cavefish Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous lives in oligotrophic, phreatic subterranean waters and possesses a unique cranial morphology including a pronounced supra-occipital horn. We used a combined approach of laboratory observations and Computational Fluid Dynamics modeling to characterize the swimming behavior and other hydrodynamic aspects, i.e., drag coefficients and lateral line sensing distance of S. rhinocerous. Motion capture and tracking based on an Artificial Neural Network, complemented by a Particle Image Velocimetry system to map out water velocity fields, were utilized to analyze the motion of a live specimen in a laboratory aquarium. Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations on flow fields and pressure fields, based on digital models of S. rhinocerous, were also performed. These simulations were compared to analogous simulations employing models of the sympatric, large-eyed troglophile cavefish S. angustiporus. Features of the cavefish swimming behavior deduced from the both live-specimen experiments and simulations included average swimming velocities and three dimensional trajectories, estimates for drag coefficients and potential lateral line sensing distances, and mapping of the flow field around the fish. As expected, typical S. rhinocerous swimming speeds were relatively slow. The lateral line sensing distance was approximately 0.25 body lengths, which may explain the observation that specimen introduced to a new environment tend to swim parallel and near to the walls. Three-dimensional simulations demonstrate that just upstream from the region under the supra-occipital horn the equipotential of the water pressure and velocity fields are nearly vertical. Results support the hypothesis that the conspicuous cranial horn of S. rhinocerous may lead to greater stimulus of the lateral line compared to fish that do not possess such morphology. Public Library of Science 2022-07-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9312365/ /pubmed/35877693 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270967 Text en © 2022 Lei et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Lei, Fakai
Xu, Mengzhen
Ji, Ziqing
Rose, Kenneth Alan
Zakirov, Vadim
Bisset, Mike
Swimming behavior and hydrodynamics of the Chinese cavefish Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous and a possible role of its head horn structure
title Swimming behavior and hydrodynamics of the Chinese cavefish Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous and a possible role of its head horn structure
title_full Swimming behavior and hydrodynamics of the Chinese cavefish Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous and a possible role of its head horn structure
title_fullStr Swimming behavior and hydrodynamics of the Chinese cavefish Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous and a possible role of its head horn structure
title_full_unstemmed Swimming behavior and hydrodynamics of the Chinese cavefish Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous and a possible role of its head horn structure
title_short Swimming behavior and hydrodynamics of the Chinese cavefish Sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous and a possible role of its head horn structure
title_sort swimming behavior and hydrodynamics of the chinese cavefish sinocyclocheilus rhinocerous and a possible role of its head horn structure
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9312365/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35877693
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270967
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