Wearable Fetal ECG Monitoring System from Abdominal Electrocardiography Recording

Fetal electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring during pregnancy can provide crucial information for assessing the fetus’s health status and making timely decisions. This paper proposes a portable ECG monitoring system to record the abdominal ECG (AECG) of the pregnant woman, comprising both maternal ECG (MECG) and fetal ECG (FECG), which could be applied to fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring at the home setting. The ECG monitoring system is based on data acquisition circuits, data transmission module, and signal analysis platform, which consists of low input-referred noise, high input impedance, and high resolution. The combination of the adaptive dual threshold (ADT) and the independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm is employed to extract the FECG from the AECG signals. To validate the performance of the proposed system, AECG is recorded and analyzed of pregnant women in three different postures (supine, seated, and standing). The result shows that the proposed system can record the AECG in different postures with good signal quality and high accuracy in fetal ECG and heart rate information. Sensitivity (Se), positive predictive accuracy (PPV), accuracy (ACC), and their harmonic mean (F1) are utilized as the metrics to evaluate the performance of the fetal QRS (fQRS) complexes extraction. The average Se, PPV, ACC, and F1 score are 99.62%, 97.90%, 97.40%, and 98.66% for the fQRS complexes extraction,, respectively. This paper shows the proposed system has a promising application in fetal health monitoring.