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The Value of HPA Axis Hormones as Biomarkers for Screening and Early Diagnosis of Postpartum Depression: Updated Information About Methodology

Because of the high prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and the suffering involved, early diagnosis is urgent; however, current screening tools and diagnosis are inadequate. In addition to conventional methods such as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and clinical interviews, several ho...

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Autores principales: Chai, Yujuan, Li, Qihang, Wang, Yang, Tao, Enxiang, Asakawa, Tetsuya
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9315198/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35903273
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.916611
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author Chai, Yujuan
Li, Qihang
Wang, Yang
Tao, Enxiang
Asakawa, Tetsuya
author_facet Chai, Yujuan
Li, Qihang
Wang, Yang
Tao, Enxiang
Asakawa, Tetsuya
author_sort Chai, Yujuan
collection PubMed
description Because of the high prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and the suffering involved, early diagnosis is urgent; however, current screening tools and diagnosis are inadequate. In addition to conventional methods such as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and clinical interviews, several hormones in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, such as corticotrophin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol, have been considered because of their critical roles in stress regulation in the mothers. The study designs are complicated, however, and so the effectiveness of these hormones as biomarkers for PPD is still controversial. Such inconsistency may have resulted from the variation in methodology between studies. The methodology problems in the investigation of PPD and HPA axis hormones have not been reported extensively. We therefore sought to summarize the methodological problems of studies published in the past decade, including the strengths and weaknesses of the examinations and the technological difficulties involved. Our findings suggest that (a) suitable samples and appropriate detection methods would reduce heterogeneity among trials; (b) the cutoff value of the scale test should be carefully selected for determining the performance of biomarker tests; (c) evaluation methods and criteria should be chosen with consideration of the tools feasible for use in local hospitals and population; and (d) the cost of diagnosis should be reduced. We hope that these findings provide insight for future investigations of HPA axis hormones as biomarkers for screening and early diagnosis of PPD.
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spelling pubmed-93151982022-07-27 The Value of HPA Axis Hormones as Biomarkers for Screening and Early Diagnosis of Postpartum Depression: Updated Information About Methodology Chai, Yujuan Li, Qihang Wang, Yang Tao, Enxiang Asakawa, Tetsuya Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology Because of the high prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and the suffering involved, early diagnosis is urgent; however, current screening tools and diagnosis are inadequate. In addition to conventional methods such as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and clinical interviews, several hormones in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, such as corticotrophin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol, have been considered because of their critical roles in stress regulation in the mothers. The study designs are complicated, however, and so the effectiveness of these hormones as biomarkers for PPD is still controversial. Such inconsistency may have resulted from the variation in methodology between studies. The methodology problems in the investigation of PPD and HPA axis hormones have not been reported extensively. We therefore sought to summarize the methodological problems of studies published in the past decade, including the strengths and weaknesses of the examinations and the technological difficulties involved. Our findings suggest that (a) suitable samples and appropriate detection methods would reduce heterogeneity among trials; (b) the cutoff value of the scale test should be carefully selected for determining the performance of biomarker tests; (c) evaluation methods and criteria should be chosen with consideration of the tools feasible for use in local hospitals and population; and (d) the cost of diagnosis should be reduced. We hope that these findings provide insight for future investigations of HPA axis hormones as biomarkers for screening and early diagnosis of PPD. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9315198/ /pubmed/35903273 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.916611 Text en Copyright © 2022 Chai, Li, Wang, Tao and Asakawa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Endocrinology
Chai, Yujuan
Li, Qihang
Wang, Yang
Tao, Enxiang
Asakawa, Tetsuya
The Value of HPA Axis Hormones as Biomarkers for Screening and Early Diagnosis of Postpartum Depression: Updated Information About Methodology
title The Value of HPA Axis Hormones as Biomarkers for Screening and Early Diagnosis of Postpartum Depression: Updated Information About Methodology
title_full The Value of HPA Axis Hormones as Biomarkers for Screening and Early Diagnosis of Postpartum Depression: Updated Information About Methodology
title_fullStr The Value of HPA Axis Hormones as Biomarkers for Screening and Early Diagnosis of Postpartum Depression: Updated Information About Methodology
title_full_unstemmed The Value of HPA Axis Hormones as Biomarkers for Screening and Early Diagnosis of Postpartum Depression: Updated Information About Methodology
title_short The Value of HPA Axis Hormones as Biomarkers for Screening and Early Diagnosis of Postpartum Depression: Updated Information About Methodology
title_sort value of hpa axis hormones as biomarkers for screening and early diagnosis of postpartum depression: updated information about methodology
topic Endocrinology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9315198/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35903273
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.916611
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