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Is Support for Feminism Enough for Change? How Sexism and Gender Stereotypes Might Hinder Gender Justice

Even though formal processes (i.e., gender quotes) are necessary to achieve gender justice, attitudinal changes (i.e., support of egalitarian social norms) are also essential. The endorsement of sexism and gender stereotypes perpetuate inequality on a daily basis, and can be seen as barriers that pr...

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Autores principales: Jiménez-Moya, Gloria, Carvacho, Héctor, Álvarez, Belén, Contreras, Camila, González, Roberto
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9315204/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35903724
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.912941
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author Jiménez-Moya, Gloria
Carvacho, Héctor
Álvarez, Belén
Contreras, Camila
González, Roberto
author_facet Jiménez-Moya, Gloria
Carvacho, Héctor
Álvarez, Belén
Contreras, Camila
González, Roberto
author_sort Jiménez-Moya, Gloria
collection PubMed
description Even though formal processes (i.e., gender quotes) are necessary to achieve gender justice, attitudinal changes (i.e., support of egalitarian social norms) are also essential. The endorsement of sexism and gender stereotypes perpetuate inequality on a daily basis, and can be seen as barriers that prevent societies from reaching social justice. Therefore, changing sexist social norms can be understood as a fundamental step in accomplishing gender justice. With the aim of studying Chileans’ sexist norms, we conducted a survey with a representative sample (N = 490) exploring levels of sexism and gender stereotypes, as well as support for the feminist movement. Using Latent Profile Analysis, we identified four groups of citizens: (1) a first group that shows high levels of sexism and low support for the feminist movement (9%); (2) a second group, with low levels of sexism and high support for the feminist movement (20%); (3) a third group with high levels of sexism and high support for the feminist movement (65%); and (4) a fourth group with mid-levels of sexism and support of the feminist movement (6%). We called these groups the Sexist, Feminist, Inconsistent, and Moderate Group, respectively. The four groups showed similar high endorsement of gender stereotypes. These results are twofold. First, they hint that although nowadays gender equality seems to be generally accepted, this coexists with a high prevalence of sexist social norms, represented by the inconsistent group being the most prevalent. Second, gender stereotypes are still deeply rooted in Chilean culture, surprisingly even among feminist citizens.
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spelling pubmed-93152042022-07-27 Is Support for Feminism Enough for Change? How Sexism and Gender Stereotypes Might Hinder Gender Justice Jiménez-Moya, Gloria Carvacho, Héctor Álvarez, Belén Contreras, Camila González, Roberto Front Psychol Psychology Even though formal processes (i.e., gender quotes) are necessary to achieve gender justice, attitudinal changes (i.e., support of egalitarian social norms) are also essential. The endorsement of sexism and gender stereotypes perpetuate inequality on a daily basis, and can be seen as barriers that prevent societies from reaching social justice. Therefore, changing sexist social norms can be understood as a fundamental step in accomplishing gender justice. With the aim of studying Chileans’ sexist norms, we conducted a survey with a representative sample (N = 490) exploring levels of sexism and gender stereotypes, as well as support for the feminist movement. Using Latent Profile Analysis, we identified four groups of citizens: (1) a first group that shows high levels of sexism and low support for the feminist movement (9%); (2) a second group, with low levels of sexism and high support for the feminist movement (20%); (3) a third group with high levels of sexism and high support for the feminist movement (65%); and (4) a fourth group with mid-levels of sexism and support of the feminist movement (6%). We called these groups the Sexist, Feminist, Inconsistent, and Moderate Group, respectively. The four groups showed similar high endorsement of gender stereotypes. These results are twofold. First, they hint that although nowadays gender equality seems to be generally accepted, this coexists with a high prevalence of sexist social norms, represented by the inconsistent group being the most prevalent. Second, gender stereotypes are still deeply rooted in Chilean culture, surprisingly even among feminist citizens. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-07-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9315204/ /pubmed/35903724 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.912941 Text en Copyright © 2022 Jiménez-Moya, Carvacho, Álvarez, Contreras and González. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Jiménez-Moya, Gloria
Carvacho, Héctor
Álvarez, Belén
Contreras, Camila
González, Roberto
Is Support for Feminism Enough for Change? How Sexism and Gender Stereotypes Might Hinder Gender Justice
title Is Support for Feminism Enough for Change? How Sexism and Gender Stereotypes Might Hinder Gender Justice
title_full Is Support for Feminism Enough for Change? How Sexism and Gender Stereotypes Might Hinder Gender Justice
title_fullStr Is Support for Feminism Enough for Change? How Sexism and Gender Stereotypes Might Hinder Gender Justice
title_full_unstemmed Is Support for Feminism Enough for Change? How Sexism and Gender Stereotypes Might Hinder Gender Justice
title_short Is Support for Feminism Enough for Change? How Sexism and Gender Stereotypes Might Hinder Gender Justice
title_sort is support for feminism enough for change? how sexism and gender stereotypes might hinder gender justice
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9315204/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35903724
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.912941
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