Ecthyma Gangrenosum Secondary to Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in an Atopic Child with Transient Neutropenia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

In addition to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, other organisms including Staphylococcus aureus have been reported to have associations with ecthyma gangrenosum (EG). There are very limited reports of Staphylococcus aureus EG causing systemic symptoms in an immunocompetent child. We present the case of an atopic child with transient neutropenia developing characteristic skin lesions of EG. Culture of the skin wounds yielded methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), and incisional biopsy of the skin lesions revealed aggregates of Gram-positive cocci at the subepidermal area and necrotic vasculitis but without perivascular bacterial invasion. In the literature review, seven cases of Staphylococcus aureus EG were reported, and only two were pediatric cases. From this case, we emphasize the importance of early culturing for microorganisms in cases presenting with EG. When toxin-mediated systemic symptoms accompany EG-like skin lesions, MSSA should be considered in an atopic child with transient neutropenia.