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Cytotoxic and Hemolytic Activities of Extracts of the Fish Parasite Dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum

The dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum is the etiological agent of a parasitic disease named amyloodiniosis. Mortalities of diseased fish are usually attributed to anoxia, osmoregulatory impairment, or opportunistic bacterial infections. Nevertheless, the phylogenetic proximity of A. ocellatum to...

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Autores principales: Moreira, Márcio, Soliño, Lucía, Marques, Cátia L., Laizé, Vincent, Pousão-Ferreira, Pedro, Costa, Pedro Reis, Soares, Florbela
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9316444/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35878205
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14070467
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author Moreira, Márcio
Soliño, Lucía
Marques, Cátia L.
Laizé, Vincent
Pousão-Ferreira, Pedro
Costa, Pedro Reis
Soares, Florbela
author_facet Moreira, Márcio
Soliño, Lucía
Marques, Cátia L.
Laizé, Vincent
Pousão-Ferreira, Pedro
Costa, Pedro Reis
Soares, Florbela
author_sort Moreira, Márcio
collection PubMed
description The dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum is the etiological agent of a parasitic disease named amyloodiniosis. Mortalities of diseased fish are usually attributed to anoxia, osmoregulatory impairment, or opportunistic bacterial infections. Nevertheless, the phylogenetic proximity of A. ocellatum to a group of toxin-producing dinoflagellates from Pfiesteria, Parvodinium and Paulsenella genera suggests that it may produce toxin-like compounds, adding a new dimension to the possible cause of mortalities in A. ocellatum outbreaks. To address this question, extracts prepared from different life stages of the parasite were tested in vitro for cytotoxic effects using two cell lines derived from branchial arches (ABSa15) and the caudal fin (CFSa1) of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), and for hemolytic effects using erythrocytes purified from the blood of gilthead seabream juveniles. Cytotoxicity and a strong hemolytic effect, similar to those observed for Karlodinium toxins, were observed for the less polar extracts of the parasitic stage (trophont). A similar trend was observed for the less polar extracts of the infective stage (dinospores), although cell viability was only affected in the ABSa15 line. These results suggest that A. ocellatum produces tissue-specific toxic compounds that may have a role in the attachment of the dinospores’ and trophonts’ feeding process.
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spelling pubmed-93164442022-07-27 Cytotoxic and Hemolytic Activities of Extracts of the Fish Parasite Dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum Moreira, Márcio Soliño, Lucía Marques, Cátia L. Laizé, Vincent Pousão-Ferreira, Pedro Costa, Pedro Reis Soares, Florbela Toxins (Basel) Article The dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum is the etiological agent of a parasitic disease named amyloodiniosis. Mortalities of diseased fish are usually attributed to anoxia, osmoregulatory impairment, or opportunistic bacterial infections. Nevertheless, the phylogenetic proximity of A. ocellatum to a group of toxin-producing dinoflagellates from Pfiesteria, Parvodinium and Paulsenella genera suggests that it may produce toxin-like compounds, adding a new dimension to the possible cause of mortalities in A. ocellatum outbreaks. To address this question, extracts prepared from different life stages of the parasite were tested in vitro for cytotoxic effects using two cell lines derived from branchial arches (ABSa15) and the caudal fin (CFSa1) of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), and for hemolytic effects using erythrocytes purified from the blood of gilthead seabream juveniles. Cytotoxicity and a strong hemolytic effect, similar to those observed for Karlodinium toxins, were observed for the less polar extracts of the parasitic stage (trophont). A similar trend was observed for the less polar extracts of the infective stage (dinospores), although cell viability was only affected in the ABSa15 line. These results suggest that A. ocellatum produces tissue-specific toxic compounds that may have a role in the attachment of the dinospores’ and trophonts’ feeding process. MDPI 2022-07-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9316444/ /pubmed/35878205 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14070467 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Moreira, Márcio
Soliño, Lucía
Marques, Cátia L.
Laizé, Vincent
Pousão-Ferreira, Pedro
Costa, Pedro Reis
Soares, Florbela
Cytotoxic and Hemolytic Activities of Extracts of the Fish Parasite Dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum
title Cytotoxic and Hemolytic Activities of Extracts of the Fish Parasite Dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum
title_full Cytotoxic and Hemolytic Activities of Extracts of the Fish Parasite Dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum
title_fullStr Cytotoxic and Hemolytic Activities of Extracts of the Fish Parasite Dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum
title_full_unstemmed Cytotoxic and Hemolytic Activities of Extracts of the Fish Parasite Dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum
title_short Cytotoxic and Hemolytic Activities of Extracts of the Fish Parasite Dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum
title_sort cytotoxic and hemolytic activities of extracts of the fish parasite dinoflagellate amyloodinium ocellatum
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9316444/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35878205
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14070467
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