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Effectiveness of Evaluation of Adenoid Hypertrophy in Children by Flexible Nasopharyngoscopy Examination (FNE), Proposed Schema of Frequency of Examination: Cohort Study
Objectives: To demonstrate the effectiveness of endoscopic assessment of the pharyngeal tonsil in defining the size of the adenoid hypertrophy in endoscopic examination that would be equivalent to intraoperative assessment as a large adenoid, and to determine the lowest necessary frequency of tests...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9316505/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35885638 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071734 |
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author | Zwierz, Aleksander Domagalski, Krzysztof Masna, Krystyna Burduk, Paweł |
author_facet | Zwierz, Aleksander Domagalski, Krzysztof Masna, Krystyna Burduk, Paweł |
author_sort | Zwierz, Aleksander |
collection | PubMed |
description | Objectives: To demonstrate the effectiveness of endoscopic assessment of the pharyngeal tonsil in defining the size of the adenoid hypertrophy in endoscopic examination that would be equivalent to intraoperative assessment as a large adenoid, and to determine the lowest necessary frequency of tests to assess the variability of its size. Methods: The study is based on an analysis of two groups of children diagnosed and treated in a children’s ENT outpatient clinic and ENT department. In the first group, adenoid size was assessed based on flexible endoscopy, and then with a consequent adenoid surgery with assessment of the intraoperative size of the adenoid, we compared the size of the adenoid. The second part of the study included a group of 81 children. We analyzed performed flexible nasopharyngoscopy examinations (FNE) of each child, and compared the change of adenoid size in a minimum of two subsequent examinations over a period of 1 year or more. Results: The sensitivity of flexible endoscopic examination in the assessment of the pharyngeal tonsil was determined at 97.3%, and specificity at 72.7%. The ROC curve shows the value of adenoid-to-choana (A/C) ratio as 75% or more in the preoperative FNE, indicating that the tonsil during surgery is assessed as large. Among the children, 26.3% had a change in adenoid size of more than 15% in the A/C ratio in 1 year of observation, and 45% of the children had A/C ratio changed above 15% in a period of 3 years of observation. Conclusions: FNE examination is highly effective in assessing the size of the pharyngeal tonsil. We proposed a schema for frequencies of FNE examinations and treatment dependent on A/C ratio and worsening of ailments. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9316505 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93165052022-07-27 Effectiveness of Evaluation of Adenoid Hypertrophy in Children by Flexible Nasopharyngoscopy Examination (FNE), Proposed Schema of Frequency of Examination: Cohort Study Zwierz, Aleksander Domagalski, Krzysztof Masna, Krystyna Burduk, Paweł Diagnostics (Basel) Article Objectives: To demonstrate the effectiveness of endoscopic assessment of the pharyngeal tonsil in defining the size of the adenoid hypertrophy in endoscopic examination that would be equivalent to intraoperative assessment as a large adenoid, and to determine the lowest necessary frequency of tests to assess the variability of its size. Methods: The study is based on an analysis of two groups of children diagnosed and treated in a children’s ENT outpatient clinic and ENT department. In the first group, adenoid size was assessed based on flexible endoscopy, and then with a consequent adenoid surgery with assessment of the intraoperative size of the adenoid, we compared the size of the adenoid. The second part of the study included a group of 81 children. We analyzed performed flexible nasopharyngoscopy examinations (FNE) of each child, and compared the change of adenoid size in a minimum of two subsequent examinations over a period of 1 year or more. Results: The sensitivity of flexible endoscopic examination in the assessment of the pharyngeal tonsil was determined at 97.3%, and specificity at 72.7%. The ROC curve shows the value of adenoid-to-choana (A/C) ratio as 75% or more in the preoperative FNE, indicating that the tonsil during surgery is assessed as large. Among the children, 26.3% had a change in adenoid size of more than 15% in the A/C ratio in 1 year of observation, and 45% of the children had A/C ratio changed above 15% in a period of 3 years of observation. Conclusions: FNE examination is highly effective in assessing the size of the pharyngeal tonsil. We proposed a schema for frequencies of FNE examinations and treatment dependent on A/C ratio and worsening of ailments. MDPI 2022-07-17 /pmc/articles/PMC9316505/ /pubmed/35885638 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071734 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Zwierz, Aleksander Domagalski, Krzysztof Masna, Krystyna Burduk, Paweł Effectiveness of Evaluation of Adenoid Hypertrophy in Children by Flexible Nasopharyngoscopy Examination (FNE), Proposed Schema of Frequency of Examination: Cohort Study |
title | Effectiveness of Evaluation of Adenoid Hypertrophy in Children by Flexible Nasopharyngoscopy Examination (FNE), Proposed Schema of Frequency of Examination: Cohort Study |
title_full | Effectiveness of Evaluation of Adenoid Hypertrophy in Children by Flexible Nasopharyngoscopy Examination (FNE), Proposed Schema of Frequency of Examination: Cohort Study |
title_fullStr | Effectiveness of Evaluation of Adenoid Hypertrophy in Children by Flexible Nasopharyngoscopy Examination (FNE), Proposed Schema of Frequency of Examination: Cohort Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Effectiveness of Evaluation of Adenoid Hypertrophy in Children by Flexible Nasopharyngoscopy Examination (FNE), Proposed Schema of Frequency of Examination: Cohort Study |
title_short | Effectiveness of Evaluation of Adenoid Hypertrophy in Children by Flexible Nasopharyngoscopy Examination (FNE), Proposed Schema of Frequency of Examination: Cohort Study |
title_sort | effectiveness of evaluation of adenoid hypertrophy in children by flexible nasopharyngoscopy examination (fne), proposed schema of frequency of examination: cohort study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9316505/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35885638 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071734 |
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