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Assessing Hemorrhagic Shock Severity Using the Second Heart Sound Determined from Phonocardiogram: A Novel Approach

Introduction: Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is a severe medical emergency. Early diagnosis of HS is important for clinical treatment. In this paper, we report a flexible material-based heart sound monitoring device which can evaluate the degree of HS through a phonocardiogram (PCG) change. Methods: Progres...

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Autores principales: Chen, Yan, Hou, Aisheng, Wu, Xiaodong, Cong, Ting, Zhou, Zhikang, Jiao, Youyou, Luo, Yungen, Wang, Yuheng, Mi, Weidong, Cao, Jiangbei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9316924/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35888843
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13071027
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author Chen, Yan
Hou, Aisheng
Wu, Xiaodong
Cong, Ting
Zhou, Zhikang
Jiao, Youyou
Luo, Yungen
Wang, Yuheng
Mi, Weidong
Cao, Jiangbei
author_facet Chen, Yan
Hou, Aisheng
Wu, Xiaodong
Cong, Ting
Zhou, Zhikang
Jiao, Youyou
Luo, Yungen
Wang, Yuheng
Mi, Weidong
Cao, Jiangbei
author_sort Chen, Yan
collection PubMed
description Introduction: Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is a severe medical emergency. Early diagnosis of HS is important for clinical treatment. In this paper, we report a flexible material-based heart sound monitoring device which can evaluate the degree of HS through a phonocardiogram (PCG) change. Methods: Progressive hemorrhage treatments (H1, H2, and H3 stage) were used in swine to build animal models. The PCG sensor was mounted on the chest of the swine. Routine monitoring was used at the same time. Results: This study showed that arterial blood pressure decreased significantly from the H1 phase, while second heart sound amplitude (S2A) and energy (S2E) decreased significantly from the H2 phase. Both S2A and S2E correlated well with BP (p < 0.001). The heart rate, pulse pressure variation and serum hemoglobin level significantly changed in the H3 stage (p < 0.05). Discussion: The change of second heart sound (S2) was at the H2 stage and was earlier than routine monitoring methods. Therefore, PCG change may be a new indicator for the early detection of HS severity.
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spelling pubmed-93169242022-07-27 Assessing Hemorrhagic Shock Severity Using the Second Heart Sound Determined from Phonocardiogram: A Novel Approach Chen, Yan Hou, Aisheng Wu, Xiaodong Cong, Ting Zhou, Zhikang Jiao, Youyou Luo, Yungen Wang, Yuheng Mi, Weidong Cao, Jiangbei Micromachines (Basel) Article Introduction: Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is a severe medical emergency. Early diagnosis of HS is important for clinical treatment. In this paper, we report a flexible material-based heart sound monitoring device which can evaluate the degree of HS through a phonocardiogram (PCG) change. Methods: Progressive hemorrhage treatments (H1, H2, and H3 stage) were used in swine to build animal models. The PCG sensor was mounted on the chest of the swine. Routine monitoring was used at the same time. Results: This study showed that arterial blood pressure decreased significantly from the H1 phase, while second heart sound amplitude (S2A) and energy (S2E) decreased significantly from the H2 phase. Both S2A and S2E correlated well with BP (p < 0.001). The heart rate, pulse pressure variation and serum hemoglobin level significantly changed in the H3 stage (p < 0.05). Discussion: The change of second heart sound (S2) was at the H2 stage and was earlier than routine monitoring methods. Therefore, PCG change may be a new indicator for the early detection of HS severity. MDPI 2022-06-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9316924/ /pubmed/35888843 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13071027 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Chen, Yan
Hou, Aisheng
Wu, Xiaodong
Cong, Ting
Zhou, Zhikang
Jiao, Youyou
Luo, Yungen
Wang, Yuheng
Mi, Weidong
Cao, Jiangbei
Assessing Hemorrhagic Shock Severity Using the Second Heart Sound Determined from Phonocardiogram: A Novel Approach
title Assessing Hemorrhagic Shock Severity Using the Second Heart Sound Determined from Phonocardiogram: A Novel Approach
title_full Assessing Hemorrhagic Shock Severity Using the Second Heart Sound Determined from Phonocardiogram: A Novel Approach
title_fullStr Assessing Hemorrhagic Shock Severity Using the Second Heart Sound Determined from Phonocardiogram: A Novel Approach
title_full_unstemmed Assessing Hemorrhagic Shock Severity Using the Second Heart Sound Determined from Phonocardiogram: A Novel Approach
title_short Assessing Hemorrhagic Shock Severity Using the Second Heart Sound Determined from Phonocardiogram: A Novel Approach
title_sort assessing hemorrhagic shock severity using the second heart sound determined from phonocardiogram: a novel approach
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9316924/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35888843
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13071027
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