Holistic Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Tumor Metastases to the Spine

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Spine metastases constitute a significant social problem. The spine is a frequent site of metastases of various neoplasms. Our goal was to draw attention to the complexity of that problem and the diagnostic possibilities, qualification nuances, and application of the appropriate treatment method. We focused on the holistic approach to patient care. This review comprehensively covers the current knowledge in the field. ABSTRACT: The treatment of neoplastic spine metastases requires multi-faceted assessment and an interdisciplinary approach to patients. The metastases do not show specific symptoms but are often the first confirmation of the presence of a primary tumor in a patient. The diagnostic process includes imaging and invasive procedures, e.g., biopsy. It is essential to qualify the patient for an appropriate treatment using dedicated scales. Decompression of the spinal cord is a critical issue to save or restore neurological function in a patient with spine metastases. Surgical treatment ought to meet three criteria: release spinal cord and nerve roots, restore the spine’s anatomical relations, and ensure the internal stabilization of the spine. A good result from surgical treatment enables the continuation of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted molecular therapy. Stereotactic radiosurgery and stereotactic body radiotherapy are more effective ways of treating spine metastases than conventional external beam radiotherapy. They allow higher doses of radiation, concentrated precisely at the tumor site. Our review summarizes the established and emerging concepts in the treatment of spine metastases. A holistic approach to the patient enables the selection of the appropriate therapy.