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Identification of RNA Markers in Red Blood Cells for Doping Control in Autologous Blood Transfusion

The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has prohibited the use of autologous blood transfusion (ABT) as a doping method by athletes. It is difficult to detect this doping method in laboratory tests, and a robust testing method has not yet been established. We conducted an animal experiment and used tota...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Sugasawa, Takehito, Kanki, Yasuharu, Komine, Ritsuko, Watanabe, Koichi, Takekoshi, Kazuhiro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9317427/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35886040
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13071255
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author Sugasawa, Takehito
Kanki, Yasuharu
Komine, Ritsuko
Watanabe, Koichi
Takekoshi, Kazuhiro
author_facet Sugasawa, Takehito
Kanki, Yasuharu
Komine, Ritsuko
Watanabe, Koichi
Takekoshi, Kazuhiro
author_sort Sugasawa, Takehito
collection PubMed
description The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has prohibited the use of autologous blood transfusion (ABT) as a doping method by athletes. It is difficult to detect this doping method in laboratory tests, and a robust testing method has not yet been established. We conducted an animal experiment and used total RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify novel RNA markers to detect ABT doping within red blood cells (RBCs) as a pilot study before human trials. This study used whole blood samples from Wistar rats. The whole blood samples were mixed with a citrate–phosphate–dextrose solution with adenine (CPDA) and then stored in a refrigerator at 4 °C for 0 (control), 10, or 20 days. After each storage period, total RNA-Seq and bioinformatics were performed following RNA extraction and the purification of the RBCs. In the results, clear patterns of expression fluctuations were observed depending on the storage period, and it was found that there were large numbers of genes whose expression decreased in the 10- and 20-day periods compared to the control. Moreover, additional bioinformatic analysis identified three significant genes whose expression levels were drastically decreased according to the storage period. These results provide novel insights that may allow future studies to develop a testing method for ABT doping.
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spelling pubmed-93174272022-07-27 Identification of RNA Markers in Red Blood Cells for Doping Control in Autologous Blood Transfusion Sugasawa, Takehito Kanki, Yasuharu Komine, Ritsuko Watanabe, Koichi Takekoshi, Kazuhiro Genes (Basel) Article The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has prohibited the use of autologous blood transfusion (ABT) as a doping method by athletes. It is difficult to detect this doping method in laboratory tests, and a robust testing method has not yet been established. We conducted an animal experiment and used total RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify novel RNA markers to detect ABT doping within red blood cells (RBCs) as a pilot study before human trials. This study used whole blood samples from Wistar rats. The whole blood samples were mixed with a citrate–phosphate–dextrose solution with adenine (CPDA) and then stored in a refrigerator at 4 °C for 0 (control), 10, or 20 days. After each storage period, total RNA-Seq and bioinformatics were performed following RNA extraction and the purification of the RBCs. In the results, clear patterns of expression fluctuations were observed depending on the storage period, and it was found that there were large numbers of genes whose expression decreased in the 10- and 20-day periods compared to the control. Moreover, additional bioinformatic analysis identified three significant genes whose expression levels were drastically decreased according to the storage period. These results provide novel insights that may allow future studies to develop a testing method for ABT doping. MDPI 2022-07-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9317427/ /pubmed/35886040 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13071255 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Sugasawa, Takehito
Kanki, Yasuharu
Komine, Ritsuko
Watanabe, Koichi
Takekoshi, Kazuhiro
Identification of RNA Markers in Red Blood Cells for Doping Control in Autologous Blood Transfusion
title Identification of RNA Markers in Red Blood Cells for Doping Control in Autologous Blood Transfusion
title_full Identification of RNA Markers in Red Blood Cells for Doping Control in Autologous Blood Transfusion
title_fullStr Identification of RNA Markers in Red Blood Cells for Doping Control in Autologous Blood Transfusion
title_full_unstemmed Identification of RNA Markers in Red Blood Cells for Doping Control in Autologous Blood Transfusion
title_short Identification of RNA Markers in Red Blood Cells for Doping Control in Autologous Blood Transfusion
title_sort identification of rna markers in red blood cells for doping control in autologous blood transfusion
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9317427/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35886040
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13071255
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