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Smoking as a Risk Factor for Dry Socket: A Systematic Review
Dry socket is one of the postoperative complications of tooth extraction. It is the partial or total loss of the post-extraction blood clot, resulting in severe pain that usually starts one to five days postoperatively, with clinical evidence of exposed alveolar bone, necrotic debris, halitosis, and...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9317683/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35877395 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj10070121 |
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author | Kuśnierek, Weronika Brzezińska, Kaja Nijakowski, Kacper Surdacka, Anna |
author_facet | Kuśnierek, Weronika Brzezińska, Kaja Nijakowski, Kacper Surdacka, Anna |
author_sort | Kuśnierek, Weronika |
collection | PubMed |
description | Dry socket is one of the postoperative complications of tooth extraction. It is the partial or total loss of the post-extraction blood clot, resulting in severe pain that usually starts one to five days postoperatively, with clinical evidence of exposed alveolar bone, necrotic debris, halitosis, and tenderness on examination. The purpose of our systematic review was to answer the question “Is there a relationship between smoking and dry socket?”. After meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, eleven studies were included in this systematic review (according to the PRISMA statement guidelines). Based on a meta-analysis, tobacco smokers had a more than three-fold increase in the odds of dry socket after tooth extraction. Overall, the combined incidence of dry socket in smokers was found to be about 13.2% and in non-smokers about 3.8%. Despite the heterogeneity of the included studies (different types of teeth extracted, different age groups), cigarette smoking was related to an increased risk of dry socket after tooth extraction. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9317683 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93176832022-07-27 Smoking as a Risk Factor for Dry Socket: A Systematic Review Kuśnierek, Weronika Brzezińska, Kaja Nijakowski, Kacper Surdacka, Anna Dent J (Basel) Systematic Review Dry socket is one of the postoperative complications of tooth extraction. It is the partial or total loss of the post-extraction blood clot, resulting in severe pain that usually starts one to five days postoperatively, with clinical evidence of exposed alveolar bone, necrotic debris, halitosis, and tenderness on examination. The purpose of our systematic review was to answer the question “Is there a relationship between smoking and dry socket?”. After meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, eleven studies were included in this systematic review (according to the PRISMA statement guidelines). Based on a meta-analysis, tobacco smokers had a more than three-fold increase in the odds of dry socket after tooth extraction. Overall, the combined incidence of dry socket in smokers was found to be about 13.2% and in non-smokers about 3.8%. Despite the heterogeneity of the included studies (different types of teeth extracted, different age groups), cigarette smoking was related to an increased risk of dry socket after tooth extraction. MDPI 2022-07-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9317683/ /pubmed/35877395 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj10070121 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Systematic Review Kuśnierek, Weronika Brzezińska, Kaja Nijakowski, Kacper Surdacka, Anna Smoking as a Risk Factor for Dry Socket: A Systematic Review |
title | Smoking as a Risk Factor for Dry Socket: A Systematic Review |
title_full | Smoking as a Risk Factor for Dry Socket: A Systematic Review |
title_fullStr | Smoking as a Risk Factor for Dry Socket: A Systematic Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Smoking as a Risk Factor for Dry Socket: A Systematic Review |
title_short | Smoking as a Risk Factor for Dry Socket: A Systematic Review |
title_sort | smoking as a risk factor for dry socket: a systematic review |
topic | Systematic Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9317683/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35877395 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj10070121 |
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