Cargando…
Molecular Monitoring of EHV-1 in Silently Infected Performance Horses through Nasal and Environmental Sample Testing
While the main goal in the management of an EHM outbreak focuses on identifying early clinical disease in order to physically separate infected horses, little effort is placed towards monitoring healthy horses. The assumption that EHV-1 shedding parallels clinical disease is erroneous, as subclinica...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9317758/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35889966 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11070720 |
_version_ | 1784755134737154048 |
---|---|
author | Pusterla, Nicola Barnum, Samantha Young, Amy Mendonsa, Eric Lee, Steve Hankin, Steve Brittner, Skyler Finno, Carrie J. |
author_facet | Pusterla, Nicola Barnum, Samantha Young, Amy Mendonsa, Eric Lee, Steve Hankin, Steve Brittner, Skyler Finno, Carrie J. |
author_sort | Pusterla, Nicola |
collection | PubMed |
description | While the main goal in the management of an EHM outbreak focuses on identifying early clinical disease in order to physically separate infected horses, little effort is placed towards monitoring healthy horses. The assumption that EHV-1 shedding parallels clinical disease is erroneous, as subclinical shedders have been shown to be actively involved in viral spread. In an attempt to document the frequency of EHV-1 shedders and their impact on environmental contamination, we collected nasal swabs from 231 healthy horses and 203 environmental samples for the testing of EHV-1 by qPCR. Six horses and 28 stalls tested qPCR-positive for EHV-1. There was no association in the EHV-1 qPCR-positive status between nasal and stall swabs. While testing nasal secretions of healthy at-risk horses can detect active shedding at a specific time point, the testing of stall swabs allows to assess the temporal EHV-1 shedding status of a horse. The study results highlight the risk of subclinical EHV-1 shedders and stalls occupied by these horses as sources of infection for susceptible horses. The testing of individual stalls for the presence of EHV-1 may be a more practical approach than the collection of individual nasal swabs for the monitoring and early detection of the circulating virus. The results also highlight the need to improve the cleanliness and disinfection of stalls utilized by performance horses during show events. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9317758 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-93177582022-07-27 Molecular Monitoring of EHV-1 in Silently Infected Performance Horses through Nasal and Environmental Sample Testing Pusterla, Nicola Barnum, Samantha Young, Amy Mendonsa, Eric Lee, Steve Hankin, Steve Brittner, Skyler Finno, Carrie J. Pathogens Article While the main goal in the management of an EHM outbreak focuses on identifying early clinical disease in order to physically separate infected horses, little effort is placed towards monitoring healthy horses. The assumption that EHV-1 shedding parallels clinical disease is erroneous, as subclinical shedders have been shown to be actively involved in viral spread. In an attempt to document the frequency of EHV-1 shedders and their impact on environmental contamination, we collected nasal swabs from 231 healthy horses and 203 environmental samples for the testing of EHV-1 by qPCR. Six horses and 28 stalls tested qPCR-positive for EHV-1. There was no association in the EHV-1 qPCR-positive status between nasal and stall swabs. While testing nasal secretions of healthy at-risk horses can detect active shedding at a specific time point, the testing of stall swabs allows to assess the temporal EHV-1 shedding status of a horse. The study results highlight the risk of subclinical EHV-1 shedders and stalls occupied by these horses as sources of infection for susceptible horses. The testing of individual stalls for the presence of EHV-1 may be a more practical approach than the collection of individual nasal swabs for the monitoring and early detection of the circulating virus. The results also highlight the need to improve the cleanliness and disinfection of stalls utilized by performance horses during show events. MDPI 2022-06-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9317758/ /pubmed/35889966 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11070720 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Pusterla, Nicola Barnum, Samantha Young, Amy Mendonsa, Eric Lee, Steve Hankin, Steve Brittner, Skyler Finno, Carrie J. Molecular Monitoring of EHV-1 in Silently Infected Performance Horses through Nasal and Environmental Sample Testing |
title | Molecular Monitoring of EHV-1 in Silently Infected Performance Horses through Nasal and Environmental Sample Testing |
title_full | Molecular Monitoring of EHV-1 in Silently Infected Performance Horses through Nasal and Environmental Sample Testing |
title_fullStr | Molecular Monitoring of EHV-1 in Silently Infected Performance Horses through Nasal and Environmental Sample Testing |
title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Monitoring of EHV-1 in Silently Infected Performance Horses through Nasal and Environmental Sample Testing |
title_short | Molecular Monitoring of EHV-1 in Silently Infected Performance Horses through Nasal and Environmental Sample Testing |
title_sort | molecular monitoring of ehv-1 in silently infected performance horses through nasal and environmental sample testing |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9317758/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35889966 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11070720 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT pusterlanicola molecularmonitoringofehv1insilentlyinfectedperformancehorsesthroughnasalandenvironmentalsampletesting AT barnumsamantha molecularmonitoringofehv1insilentlyinfectedperformancehorsesthroughnasalandenvironmentalsampletesting AT youngamy molecularmonitoringofehv1insilentlyinfectedperformancehorsesthroughnasalandenvironmentalsampletesting AT mendonsaeric molecularmonitoringofehv1insilentlyinfectedperformancehorsesthroughnasalandenvironmentalsampletesting AT leesteve molecularmonitoringofehv1insilentlyinfectedperformancehorsesthroughnasalandenvironmentalsampletesting AT hankinsteve molecularmonitoringofehv1insilentlyinfectedperformancehorsesthroughnasalandenvironmentalsampletesting AT brittnerskyler molecularmonitoringofehv1insilentlyinfectedperformancehorsesthroughnasalandenvironmentalsampletesting AT finnocarriej molecularmonitoringofehv1insilentlyinfectedperformancehorsesthroughnasalandenvironmentalsampletesting |